ArticlePeerJ2017
Microbial agents in macroscopically healthy mammary gland tissues of small ruminants.
Article in PeerJ, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and associated bacteria of mastitis in goats in northeastern Ethiopia.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Isolation, identification, and susceptibility testing ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Isolation of Aerobic Bacterial Species Associated with Palpable Udder Defects in Non-Dairy Ewes.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Antibiotic residues and microbial contamination in pasteurized whole milk intended for human consumption.Veterinary world · 2024Article
- Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci as an Etiologic Agent of Ovine Mastitis, with a Focus on Subclinical Forms.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Does Small Ruminant Lentivirus Infection in Goats Predispose to Bacterial Infection of the Mammary Gland? A Preliminary Study.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHealth of mammary glands is fundamental for milk and dairy products hygiene and quality, with huge impacts on consumers welfare.
methodsThis study aims to investigate the microbial agents (bacteria, fungi and lentiviruses) isolated from 89 macroscopically healthy udders of regularly slaughtered small ruminants (41 sheep, 48 goats), also correlating their presence with the histological findings. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to evaluate the association between lesions and positivity for different microbial isolates, animal age and bacteria.
resultsTwenty-five samples were microbiologically negative; 138 different bacteria were isolated in 64 positive udders. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most prevalent bacteria isolated (46.42%), followed by environmental opportunists (34.76%), others (10.14%) and pathogens (8.68%). Most mammary glands showed coinfections (75%). Lentiviruses were detected in 39.3% of samples. Histologically, chronic non-suppurative mastitis was observed in 45/89 glands, followed by chronic mixed mastitis (12/89) and acute suppurative mastitis (4/89). Only 28 udders were normal. Histological lesions were significantly associated with the animal species and lentiviruses and coagulase-negative staphylococci infections. Goats had significantly higher risk to show chronic mixed mastitis compared to sheep. Goats showed a significantly lower risk (OR = 0.26; 95% CI [0.06-0.71]) of being infected by environmental opportunists compared to sheep, but higher risk (OR = 10.87; 95% CI [3.69-37.77]) of being infected with lentiviruses. DISCUSSION: The results of the present study suggest that macroscopically healthy glands of small ruminants could act as a reservoir of microbial agents for susceptible animals, representing a potential risk factor for the widespread of acute or chronic infection in the flock.
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