ArticleOncotarget2017
Propoxur enhances MMP-2 expression and the corresponding invasion of human breast cancer cells via the ERK/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Article in Oncotarget, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Pro-Metastatic Roles of ROS.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Targeting oxidative stress-MMP-2 signaling in hypertension-induced cardiovascular remodeling and dysfunction.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Carbamate compounds induced toxic effects by affecting Nrf2 signaling pathways.Toxicology reports · 2024Review
- Pesticides and Bladder Cancer: Mechanisms Leading to Anti-Cancer Drug Chemoresistance and New Chemosensitization Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Black tea bioactive phytoconstituents realign NRF2 for anticancer activity in lung adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Article
- The Biology and Function of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase 2 in the Lungs.Pulmonary medicine · 2022Review
- Muscone suppresses gastric cancer via regulation of miRNA-145.Food science & nutrition · 2021Article
- Role of ALDH1A1 and HTRA2 expression in CCL2/CCR2-mediated breast cancer cell growth and invasion.Biology open · 2019Article
- Silence of Stomatin-Like Protein 2 Represses Migration and Invasion Ability of Human Liver Cancer Cells via Inhibiting the Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) Pathway.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2018Article
- miR-29b negatively regulates MMP2 to impact gastric cancer development by suppress gastric cancer cell migration and tumor growth.Journal of Cancer · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Propoxur is considered a prime etiological suspect of increasing tumor incidence, but the role is still undefined. In this study, two human breast cancer cells lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, were used as cell models. Cells were respectively treated with 0, 0.01, 1, or 100 μM propoxur. PD98059, a MEK inhibitor, was administered to block the ERK/MAPK pathway. Migration and reactive oxygen species were measured by wound healing and Transwell assays, and flow cytometry. Protein expression and subcellular location were detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. Results showed that propoxur treatment enhanced cell migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner, while MMP-2 expression, but not MMP-9, was significantly increased in two cell lines. Meanwhile, the treatment increased intracellular reactive oxygen species, Nrf2 expression and nuclear translocation, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Inversely, inhibition of ERK1/2 activation with PD98059 significantly attenuated propoxur-induced Nrf2 expression and nuclear translocation. Moreover, PD98059 suppressed propoxur-induced cell migration and invasion, and MMP-2 overexpression. Collectively, these results indicate that propoxur can trigger reactive oxygen species overproduction, further promoting breast cancer cell migration and invasion by regulating the ERK/Nrf2 signaling pathways.
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