ReviewCellular & molecular immunology2018
Th1 cytokines, true functional signatures for protective immunity against TB?
Review in Cellular & molecular immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- CD4Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Organ involvement and laboratory abnormalities associated with tuberculosis disease in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review of innate immune responses againstFrontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Sex Steroid Hormone Regulation of T-Cell Function and Antitumor Immunity.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Review
- Toward a Vaccine Against Multidrug-Resistant Elizabethkingia anophelis: Comprehensive Immunoinformatics-Based Design of a Multi-Epitope Vaccine and mRNA Construct.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Lung microbial dysregulation and TNF inhibition are associated with worsened nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Protein Kinase C δ: a critical hub regulating macrophage immunomodulatory functions duringbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Plasma Immune Biomarkers Predictive of Progression to Active Tuberculosis in Household Contacts of Patients With Tuberculosis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Strong immune responses and robust protection following a novel protein in adjuvant tuberculosis vaccine candidate.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Targeted transcriptomic analyses of tuberculosis treatment response and outcomes in The Gambia.Frontiers in tuberculosis · 2025Article
- Immune imbalance mediates the relationship between plasma vitamin D concentration and preeclampsia in Chinese pregnant women: a case-control study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Impact of anti-TB drugs on modulations of T-cell-receptor-mediated signaling events in TB pleurisy patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- IFN-γ-Driven macrophage responses in the immunity toFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Early introduction of IL-10 weakens BCG revaccination's protection by suppressing CD4Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Transcriptional profiling of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in household contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis patients provides insights into mechanisms ofEmerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- An intranasal nanoparticle vaccine elicits protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Vaccine · 2024Article
- Identification of cytokine signatures in HIV‑infected individuals with and withoutBiomedical reports · 2024Article
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain with deletions in menT3 and menT4 is attenuated and confers protection in mice and guinea pigs.Nature communications · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The lack of an effective preventative vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) presents a great challenge to TB control. Since it takes an extremely long time to accurately determine the protective efficacy of TB vaccines, there is a great need to identify the surrogate signatures of protection to facilitate vaccine development. Unfortunately, antigen-specific Th1 cytokines that are currently used to evaluate the protective efficacy of the TB vaccine, do not align with the protection and failure of TB vaccine candidates in clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the limitation of current Th1 cytokines as surrogates of protection and address the potential elements that should be considered to finalize the true functional signatures of protective immunity against TB.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.