Trial reportPublic health nutrition2018
Exposure and perceptions of marketing for caffeinated energy drinks among young Canadians.
Trial report in Public health nutrition, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Food environment research in Canada: a rapid review of methodologies and measures deployed between 2010 and 2021.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy of Canadian health warning statements on caffeinated energy drinks: an experimental study among young Canadians.Health education research · 2020Trial
- Concomitant associations of dietary behaviours and physical activity with body composition in adolescents.BMC public health · 2025Article
- A Mixed Method Study Exploring Children and Young People's Perception of Energy Drinks and Analysing Consumption Patterns.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2025Article
- The effect of caffeine use in the relationship between gaming and sleep in adolescents: A mediation analysis.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2025Article
- Caffeine Consumption Patterns, Health Impacts, and Media Influence: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- A scoping review of children's and parents' attitudes to and awareness of digital food marketing.Health promotion international · 2025Article
- Gaming disorder and problematic caffeine consumption in adolescents: a narrative review and public health framework.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Review
- Energy Drink Consumption Among Physically Active Polish Adolescents: Gender and Age-Specific Public Health Issue.International journal of public health · 2024Article
- Development of a questionnaire for assessing the impact of children's food marketing exposure on diet-related outcomes.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2024Article
- The extent of energy drink marketing on Canadian social media.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Secondary School Students and Caffeine: Consumption Habits, Motivations, and Experiences.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Soft and energy drinks consumption and associated factors in Saudi adults: a national cross-sectional study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Experiences with energy drink consumption among Norwegian adolescents.Journal of nutritional science · 2023Article
- Intake of Food Supplements, Caffeine, Green Tea and Protein Products among Young Danish Men Training in Commercial Gyms for Increasing Muscle Mass.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Excessive Gaming and Online Energy-Drink Marketing Exposure Associated with Energy-Drink Consumption among Adolescents.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Benchmarking unhealthy food marketing to children and adolescents in Canada: a scoping review.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2022Article
- A content analysis of sports and energy drink advertising.Appetite · 2022Article
- Social determinants and changes in energy drink consumption among adolescents in Norway, 2017-2019: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2021Article
- Energy drink consumption among Australian adolescents associated with a cluster of unhealthy dietary behaviours and short sleep duration.Nutrition journal · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine exposure to energy drink marketing among youth and young adults, and test perceptions of energy drink advertisements (ads) regarding target audience age and promoting energy drink use during sports.
designA between-group experiment randomly assigned respondents to view one of four energy drink ads (sport-themed or control) and assessed perceptions of the ad. Regression models examined marketing exposure and perceptions.
settingOnline survey (2014). SUBJECTS: Canadians aged 12-24 years (n 2040) from a commercial panel.
resultsOverall, 83 % reported ever seeing energy drink ads through at least one channel, including on television (60 %), posters/signs in stores (49 %) and online (44 %). Across experimental conditions, most respondents (70·1 %) thought the ad they viewed targeted people their age or younger, including 42·2 % of those aged 12-14 years. Two sport-themed ads were more likely to be perceived as targeting a younger audience (adjusted OR (95 % CI): 'X Games' 36·5 %, 4·16 (3·00, 5·77); 'snowboard' 19·2 %, 1·50 (1·06, 2·13)) v. control (13·3 %). Participants were more likely to believe an ad promoted energy drink use during sports if they viewed any sport-themed ad ('X Games' 69·9 %, 8·29 (6·24, 11·02); 'snowboard' 76·7 %, 11·85 (8·82, 15·92); 'gym' 66·8 %, 7·29 (5·52, 9·64)) v. control (22·0 %). Greater reported exposure to energy drink marketing was associated with perceiving study ads as promoting energy drink use during sports.
conclusionsEnergy drink marketing has a high reach among young people. Ads for energy drinks were perceived as targeting youth and promoting use during sports. Such ads may be perceived as making physical performance claims, counter to Canadian regulations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.