ArticleAIDS and behavior2018
A Closer Look at Racism and Heterosexism in Medical Students' Clinical Decision-Making Related to HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP): Implications for PrEP Education.
Article in AIDS and behavior, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Assessing Structural Racism and Discrimination Along the Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Continuum: A Systematic Review.AIDS and behavior · 2024Pooled it
- Willingness to Prescribe PrEP to Bisexual Men Depends on Genders of Their Past Partners: A Study of Medical Students in the USA.Archives of sexual behavior · 2022Trial
- Implicit Bias in Health Professionals: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- The Association of Positive Intersectionality Latent Classes with Psychosocial Factors and PrEP Outcomes in Black Men Who Have Sex with Men (HPTN 073).Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- The effect of sexual orientation, gender identity, and marital intention on HIV prevention outcomes among MSM students in Southeast China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Understanding Opportunities for Prescribing Pre-exposure Prophylaxis at Two Academic Medical Centers in a High Priority Jurisdiction for Ending the HIV Epidemic.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Measurement of Sexual Behavior Stigma in Cisgender Mexican Sexual Minority Men: Contextual Considerations of Living in Mexico or the United States.Archives of sexual behavior · 2025Article
- Risk and demographic factors associated with STI testing adherence among non-single men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2024Article
- Assessing attitudes toward LGB people in young adolescents.PloS one · 2024Article
- A scoping review to identify and organize literature trends of bias research within medical student and resident education.BMC medical education · 2023Article
- Mental Health Provider Training to Improve LGBTQ Competence and Reduce Implicit and Explicit Bias: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Online and In-Person Delivery.Psychology of sexual orientation and gender diversity · 2023Article
- State same-sex marriage policies and pre-exposure prophylaxis implementation among men who have sex with men in the United States.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Article
- Structural Racism and Racial Trauma Among African Americans at Elevated Risk for HIV Infection.American journal of public health · 2023Article
- Effects of knowledge and implicit biases on pharmacy students' decision-making regarding pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention: A vignette-based experimental study.Currents in pharmacy teaching & learning · 2023Article
- Examining the Role of Autonomy Support, Goal Setting, and Care Coordination Quality on HIV PrEP Adherence in Black Men Who Have Sex with Men: HPTN 073.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2023Article
- The Long-Acting Cabotegravir Tail as an Implementation Challenge: Planning for Safe Discontinuation.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Freedom as Prevention: Mechanisms of Autonomy Support for Promoting HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Use and Condom Use among Black MSM in 3 US Cities-HPTN 073.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2022Article
- An Experimental Study of the Effects of Patient Race, Sexual Orientation, and Injection Drug Use on Providers' PrEP-Related Clinical Judgments.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- Qualitative investigation of factors impacting pre-exposure prophylaxis initiation and adherence in sexual minority men.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2022Article
- Substance Use and Healthcare Utilization Across the Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Care Cascade among Black and Latino Men Who Have Sex with Men.Substance use & misuse · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Social biases among healthcare providers could limit PrEP access. In this survey study of 115 US medical students, we examined associations between biases (racism and heterosexism) and PrEP clinical decision-making and explored prior PrEP education as a potential buffer. After viewing a vignette about a PrEP-seeking MSM patient, participants reported anticipated patient behavior (condomless sex, extra-relational sex, and adherence), intention to prescribe PrEP to the patient, biases, and background characteristics. Minimal evidence for racism affecting clinical decision-making emerged. In unadjusted analyses, heterosexism indirectly affected prescribing intention via all anticipated behaviors, tested as parallel mediators. Participants expressing greater heterosexism more strongly anticipated increased risk behavior and adherence problems, which were associated with lower prescribing intention. The indirect effect via condomless sex remained significant adjusting for background characteristics. Prior PrEP education did not buffer any indirect effects. Heterosexism may compromise PrEP provision to MSM and should be addressed in PrEP-related medical education.
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Registered trials
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