Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29150817›Full record

ArticlePsychometrika2018

Two-Step Estimation of Models Between Latent Classes and External Variables.

Zsuzsa Bakk, Jouni Kuha

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Psychometrika, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
38citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

38 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Post-COVID-19 physical and mental quality of life: a latent profile analysis and predictive factors.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Job mismatches and their implications for the career development of vocational graduates.Empirical research in vocational education and training · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Two-Step Multilevel Latent Class Analysis in the Presence of Measurement Non-Equivalence.Structural equation modeling : a multidisciplinary journal · 2025
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Bias-Adjusted Three-Step Multilevel Latent Class Modeling with Covariates.Structural equation modeling : a multidisciplinary journal · 2024
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Health-related quality of life profiles in adolescents and young adults with chronic conditions.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Zsuzsa BakkLeiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands. z.bakk@fsw.leidenuniv.nl.
Jouni KuhaLondon School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We consider models which combine latent class measurement models for categorical latent variables with structural regression models for the relationships between the latent classes and observed explanatory and response variables. We propose a two-step method of estimating such models. In its first step, the measurement model is estimated alone, and in the second step the parameters of this measurement model are held fixed when the structural model is estimated. Simulation studies and applied examples suggest that the two-step method is an attractive alternative to existing one-step and three-step methods. We derive estimated standard errors for the two-step estimates of the structural model which account for the uncertainty from both steps of the estimation, and show how the method can be implemented in existing software for latent variable modelling.

Indexed as

Models, StatisticalAge FactorsCohort StudiesComputer SimulationEducational StatusEmploymentHumansPrejudicePsychometricslatent variablesmixture modelspseudo-maximum likelihood estimationstructural equation models

Identifiers

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.