ArticleScientific reports2017
Global and Regional Effects of Bladder Cancer Risk Associated with Pioglitazone Therapy in Patients with Diabetes.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Association of glitazones and bladder cancer: a rapid review].Urologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Review
- Association of Pioglitazone with Increased Risk of Prostate Cancer and Pancreatic Cancer: A Functional Network Study.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It has been debated for several years as to whether the antidiabetic drug pioglitazone increases the risk for bladder cancer. A series of recent large population studies yielded conflicting results. To investigate why the observational studies yielded conflicting results, we conducted stratified analyses to analyze the potential confounders behind these discordant outcomes. A total of 2,764,731 participants from observational (OB) studies and 9,999 from randomized control trials (RCTs) were identified for these analyses. The stratified analysis revealed that the study type, adjustment for age/sex, treatment duration, cumulative dose, agents used in a control group, mean period of follow-up and study population region might contribute to the discordant outcomes. In terms of population regions, pioglitazone increased the risk for bladder cancer could be found in European population, and patients who undergo treatment with pioglitazone for longer durations (>12 months) or are administrated a larger cumulative dose (>28,000 mg) might require more attention, and the long-term effects (≥3.6 years) of pioglitazone needs be monitored more carefully.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.