ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2018
Use of paracetamol, ibuprofen or aspirin in pregnancy and risk of cerebral palsy in the child.
Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-Term Safety of Prenatal and Neonatal Exposure to Paracetamol: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Long-term child outcomes after prenatal aspirin exposure: A 4-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial (the APRIL study).International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Trial
- USP9X as a Candidate Mediator of Prenatal Aspirin-Induced Ovarian Reserve Reduction in Offspring Mice.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Exposure to Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) during Pregnancy and Childhood Cancer: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Prescription use of acetaminophen among pregnant women in Denmark from 2000 to 2023: A drug utilization study.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Acetaminophen in Pregnancy: A Population-Level Drug-Utilization Study of Prescription-Based Acetaminophen Use Among Pregnant Women in Denmark From 2001 to 2023.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Article
- Postnatal acetaminophen exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18-21 months corrected gestational age in preterm infants <29 weeks gestation: a retrospective cohort study.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Low-Dose Aspirin after ASPRE-More Questions Than Answers? Current International Approach after PE Screening in the First Trimester.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Maternal acetaminophen use and cognitive development at 4 years: the Ontario Birth Study.Pediatric research · 2023Article
- Association between gestational levels of toxic metals and essential elements and cerebral palsy in children.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Article
- Longitudinal Methods for Modeling Exposures in Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies in Pregnancy.Epidemiologic reviews · 2022Review
- Effectiveness of Different Algorithms and Cut-off Value in Preeclampsia First Trimester Screening.Journal of pregnancy · 2022Article
- Paracetamol use during pregnancy - a call for precautionary action.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2021Review
- Intrauterine Exposure to Acetaminophen and Adverse Developmental Outcomes: Epidemiological Findings and Methodological Issues.Current environmental health reports · 2021Review
- Association between maternal acetaminophen use and adverse birth outcomes in a pregnancy and birth cohort.Pediatric research · 2020Article
- Associations between paracetamol (acetaminophen) intake between 18 and 32 weeks gestation and neurocognitive outcomes in the child: A longitudinal cohort study.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2020Article
- Safe Expectations: Current State and Future Directions for Medication Safety in Pregnancy Research.Clinical therapeutics · 2019Article
- The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) initiative on pre-eclampsia: A pragmatic guide for first-trimester screening and prevention.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2019Article
- Parental socioeconomic status and risk of cerebral palsy in the child: evidence from two Nordic population-based cohorts.International journal of epidemiology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: It has been debated whether mild analgesics, mainly paracetamol, adversely affect aspects of neurodevelopment. We examined whether mother's use of paracetamol, aspirin or ibuprofen in pregnancy is associated with increased risk of cerebral palsy (CP) in the child. Method: We included 185 617 mother-child pairs from the Danish National Birth Cohort and the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. We created harmonized definitions of analgesic use in pregnancy, as well as indications for analgesic use and other potential confounders. Children with CP were identified in nationwide registers. We estimated the average causal effect of analgesics on risk of CP using marginal structural models with stabilized inverse probability weights. Results: Paracetamol use was reported in 49% of all pregnancies, aspirin in 3% and ibuprofen in 4%. Prenatal exposure to paracetamol ever in pregnancy was associated with increased risk of overall CP [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0-1.7] and unilateral spastic CP (aOR 1.5, 95% CI: 1.0-2.2). The association appeared to be driven by an increased risk of unilateral spastic CP in children exposed in second trimester (aOR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.0-2.5). Children ever prenatally exposed to aspirin in pregnancy had an elevated risk of bilateral spastic CP (aOR 2.4, 95% CI: 1.1-5.3) compared with unexposed. Conclusion: We observed an increased risk of spastic CP in children prenatally exposed to paracetamol and aspirin. Although we controlled for several important indications for analgesic use, we cannot exclude the possibility of confounding by underlying diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.