ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2017
Neurotrophic and Neuroregenerative Effects of GH/IGF1.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 118 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
118 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 191 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comprehensive Analysis of Uric Acid and Myasthenia Gravis: IGF1R as a Protective Factor and Potential Therapeutic Target.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Pooled it
- Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels in multiple sclerosis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Targeting GH and IGF-1 in the Management of Obesity: Insights from the Interplay between These Hormones and Metabolism.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of Training with Different Modes of Strength Intervention on Psychosocial Disorders in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Exercise interventions preserve hippocampal volume: A meta-analysis.Hippocampus · 2021Pooled it
- Investigation of the effects of two exercise protocols on behavioral and biochemical changes in ovariectomized rats exposed to single prolonged stress.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- High-resolution spatial transcriptomics of irradiated submandibular glands treated with fortified fibrin hydrogels.iScience · 2026Article
- The effect of growth hormone-releasing hormone on cognition and brain connectivity in adults with cognition ranging from normal to mild cognitive impairment.eNeurologicalSci · 2026Article
- Liver-nervous system axis: pathways, dysregulation, and translational perspectives.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Growth hormone-releasing hormone attenuates amyloid deposition and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease models.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Insulin-like growth factor 1 as a key paracrine mediator in mesenchymal stem cell-based intervention for ovarian ageing: a review.Journal of ovarian research · 2026Review
- Role of Growth Hormone (GH) and Other Somatotropic Axis Elements in Retinal Neuroprotection.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Exploring Brain Parenchymal Changes in Acromegaly: Focus on White Matter Hyperintensities.Clinical endocrinology · 2026Article
- Microglial Rack1 Deficiency Alleviates Alzheimer's Disease Pathology through Enhancing IGF1-Mediated Astrocytic Phagocytosis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Growth Hormone and IGF-1 Actions in the Brain and Neuropsychiatric Diseases.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Role of IGF1/IGFR signaling pathway in neuroprotective effect of Shengmai Dihuang Decoction on CIH-induced cognitive impairment.Journal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2026Article
- Glymphatic system dysfunction in pediatric growth hormone deficiency evidenced by multiple MRI metrics.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2026Article
- Trofinetide Improves Cognitive Function in APP/PS1 Mice by Suppressing Inflammation and Apoptosis.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- The effect of intracerebroventricular injection of insulin-like growth factor-1 on morphine-induced conditioned place preference extinction and reinstatement; a behavioral and biochemical experimental study.Behavioral and brain functions : BBF · 2025Article
- Impact of Genotropin on Oxidative Stress, Glutamate, and Nitric Oxide Pathways in a Rat Model of Peripheral Neuropathy.Basic and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionHuman neurodegenerative diseases increase progressively with age and present a high social and economic burden. Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are both growth factors exerting trophic effects on neuronal regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). GH and IGF-1 stimulate protein synthesis in neurons, glia, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells, and favor neuronal survival, inhibiting apoptosis. This study aims to evaluate the effect of GH and IGF-1 on neurons, and their possible therapeutic clinical applications on neuron regeneration in human subjects.
methodsIn the literature, we searched the clinical trials and followed up studies in humans, which have evaluated the effect of GH/IGF-1 on CNS and PNS. The following keywords have been used: "GH/IGF-1" associated with "neuroregeneration", "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis", "Alzheimer disease", "Parkinson's disease", "brain", and "neuron".
resultsOf the retrieved articles, we found nine articles about the effect of GH in healthy patients who suffered from traumatic brain injury (TBI), and six studies (four using IGF-1 and two GH therapy) in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The administration of GH in patients after TBI showed a significantly positive recovery of brain and mental function. Treatment with GH and IGF-1 therapy in ALS produced contradictory results.
conclusionsAlthough strong findings have shown the positive effects of GH/IGF-1 administration on neuroregeneration in animal models, a very limited number of clinical studies have been conducted in humans. GH/IGF-1 therapy had different effects in patients with TBI, evidencing a high recovery of neurons and clinical outcome, while in ALS patients, the results are contradictory. More complex clinical protocols are necessary to evaluate the effect of GH/IGF-1 efficacy in neurodegenerative diseases. It seems evident that GH and IGF-1 therapy favors the optimal recovery of neurons when a consistent residual activity is still present. Furthermore, the effect of GH/IGF-1 could be mediated by, or be overlapped with that of other hormones, such as estradiol and testosterone.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.