ReviewHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2018
Human leptospirosis vaccines in China.
Review in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in the development of a vaccine for the prevention of human leptospirosis: a review.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2026Review
- Silent Carriers: The Role of Rodents in the Emergence of Zoonotic Bacterial Threats.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Designing a broad-spectrum multi-epitope subunit vaccine against leptospirosis using immunoinformatics and structural approaches.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Characteristics of leptospirosis cases, prevention and control managements 1955-2020, Guangzhou, China.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- Sph2Vaccines · 2023Article
- Mitigating the effects of climate change on human health with vaccines and vaccinations.Frontiers in public health · 2023Review
- PathogenicMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- Distribution, frequency and clinical presentation of leptospirosis and coinfections: a systematic review protocol.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Vaccine Preventable Zoonotic Diseases: Challenges and Opportunities for Public Health Progress.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Development of Human Recombinant Leptospirosis Vaccines.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Severe community-acquired pneumonia caused byWorld journal of clinical cases · 2021Article
- Revisiting the Development of Vaccines Against PathogenicFrontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Comparative genomic analysis of Chinese human leptospirosis vaccine strain and circulating isolate.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Article
- Leptospiral Immunoglobulin-Like Domain Proteins: Roles in Virulence and Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Hydroclimatic drivers of highly seasonal leptospirosis incidence suggest prominent soil reservoir of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in rural western China.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- Genetic diversity of Leptospira interrogans circulating isolates and vaccine strains in China from 1954-2014.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2019Article
- Geographical and temporal distribution of the residual clusters of human leptospirosis in China, 2005-2016.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Epidemiological shift and geographical heterogeneity in the burden of leptospirosis in China.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The present incidence of leptospirosis in China is significantly lower than past rates, although small localized outbreaks continue to occur in epidemic regions. Improvements in sanitation, as well as vaccination of high-risk populations, have played crucial roles in reducing the disease burden. Several types of human leptospirosis vaccines have been developed, including inactivated whole-cell, outer-envelope, and recombinant vaccines. Of these, only a multivalent inactivated leptospirosis vaccine is available in China, which was added to the Chinese Expanded Program on Immunization in 2007. However, this vaccine elicits serogroup-specific immunity, and serogroup epidemiology should continue to be monitored to enhance vaccine coverage and distribution. On the other hand, the efficiency of the inactivated vaccine should be further improved by optimizing the formulation, and by expanding the target population. More importantly, additional investments should be made to develop universal recombinant vaccines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.