ReviewViral immunology2018
The Unexpected Impact of Vaccines on Secondary Bacterial Infections Following Influenza.
Review in Viral immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and Outcomes of Bacterial Co-detections by Blood Culture Among Children and Adults Hospitalized With Laboratory-confirmed Influenza, Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network, 2022-2024.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Current insights into bacterial secondary infection following influenza A virus infection.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Conceptual Methodological Framework for Incorporating Antimicrobial Resistance Considerations in Economic Models for Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Article
- Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Epidemiology and Serotype Replacement After the Introduction of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Ontario, Canada, 2007-2022.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Review
- Antigen-specific memory Th17 cells promote cross-protection against nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae after mild influenza A virus infection.Mucosal immunology · 2023Article
- Global mortality associated with 33 bacterial pathogens in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.Lancet (London, England) · 2022Article
- Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Association With the Influenza Season in the United States: A Multicenter Evaluation Reveals Surprising Associations Between Influenza Season and Resistance in Gram-Negative Pathogens.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Don't Let It Get Under Your Skin! - Vaccination Protects the Skin Barrier of Common Carp From Disruption Caused by Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Time-Dependent Increase in Susceptibility and Severity of Secondary Bacterial Infections During SARS-CoV-2.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Utilization of drugs with reports on potential efficacy or harm on COVID-19 before, during, and after the first pandemic wave.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2021Article
- Flu Virus Attenuates Memory Clearance ofiScience · 2020Article
- The Association between Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccinations and SARS-Cov-2 Infection: Data from the EPICOVID19 Web-Based Survey.Vaccines · 2020Article
- The Impact of Influenza Vaccination on Antibiotic Use in the United States, 2010-2017.Open forum infectious diseases · 2020Article
- A Novel Role for PDZ-Binding Motif of Influenza A Virus Nonstructural Protein 1 in Regulation of Host Susceptibility to Postinfluenza Bacterial Superinfections.Viral immunology · 2019Article
- Validated Models of Immune Response to Virus Infection.Current opinion in systems biology · 2018Article
- [Some thoughts on influenza vaccine and regular influenza vaccination for healthcare workers].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2018Article
- Host-pathogen kinetics during influenza infection and coinfection: insights from predictive modeling.Immunological reviews · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Influenza virus infections remain a significant health burden worldwide, despite available vaccines. Factors that contribute to this include a lack of broad coverage by current vaccines and continual emergence of novel virus strains. Further complicating matters, when influenza viruses infect a host, severe infections can develop when bacterial pathogens invade. Secondary bacterial infections (SBIs) contribute to a significant proportion of influenza-related mortality, with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Haemophilus influenzae as major coinfecting pathogens. Vaccines against bacterial pathogens can reduce coinfection incidence and severity, but few vaccines are available and those that are, may have decreased efficacy in influenza virus-infected hosts. While some studies indicate a benefit of vaccine-induced immunity in providing protection against SBIs, a comprehensive understanding is lacking. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of viral and bacterial vaccine availability, the generation of protective immunity from these vaccines, and the effectiveness in limiting influenza-associated bacterial infections.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.