ArticleInternational journal of legal medicine2018
Maximum striking velocities in strikes with steel rods-the influence of rod length, rod mass and volunteer parameters.
Article in International journal of legal medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biomechanical effects of sex and bat size on head-directed blunt strikes.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Spatial relationships among offender, knife, and victim during slashing attacks: implications for crime scene reconstruction.International journal of legal medicine · 2024Article
- Effects of victim's body posture and attacker's gender on slashing attacks: a biomechanical study.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Influence of striking technique on maximum striking velocities-experimental and statistical investigation.International journal of legal medicine · 2018Article
- Biomechanical approach for the assessment of contacts with deformable objects.International journal of legal medicine · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
In blunt force trauma to the head caused by attacks with blunt instruments, contact forces can be estimated based on the conservation of momentum if impact velocities are known. The aims of this work were to measure maximum striking velocities and to examine the influence of rod parameters such as rod mass and length as well as volunteer parameters such as sex, age, body height, body mass, body mass index and the average amount of physical exercise. Steel rods with masses of 500, 1000 and 1500 g as well as lengths of 40, 65 and 90 cm were exemplarily tested as blunt instruments. Twenty-nine men and 22 women participated in this study. Each volunteer performed several vertical strikes with the steel rods onto a passive immobile target. Maximum striking velocities were measured by means of a Qualisys motion capture system using high-speed cameras and infrared light. Male volunteers achieved maximum striking velocities between 14.0 and 35.5 m/s whereas female volunteers achieved values between 10.4 and 28.3 m/s. Results show that maximum striking velocities increased with smaller rod masses and less consistently with higher rod lengths. Statistically significant influences were found in the volunteers' sex and average amount of physical exercise.
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Registered trials
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