ArticleWorld journal of oncology2011
Hypertonic Saline Attenuates the Pro-metastatic Effects of LPS by Reducing Tumor Cell Migration, Proliferation and MMP-9 Expression.
Article in World journal of oncology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- DEC1 promotes breast cancer bone metastasis through transcriptional activation of CXCR4.Journal of biomedical research · 2025Article
- Single Instillation of Hypertonic Saline Immediately Following Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor for Recurrence Prevention -A Phase I Study.Bladder cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLipopolysaccharide (LPS) promotes tumor metastases. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of a hypertonic environment to attenuate the pro metastatic properties of LPS both in vitro, and in vivo.
methodsLPS stimulated, and unstimulated, 4T1 tumor cells were cultured in either an isotonic or hypertonic environment. The effect on invasion, migration, pro-matellomatrixproteinase 9 (proMMP-9) expression, proliferation, and microscopic cell structure was assessed. Lung metastases were induced in C57 mice with systemic hypertonicity in unstimulated and stimulated mice. The metastatic burden was assessed by estimation of lung/body weight ratio, pleural nodules and clonogenic assay.
resultsIn vitro, a hypertonic environment reduced proMMP-9 expression (0.012 versus 1.16, P < 0.001) invasion (0.06 versus 0.119, P = 0.005), tumor cell proliferation (0.035 versus 0.041, P = 0.001), while inducing structural changes to tumor cells reducing overall cell volume. In vivo, the induction of transient systemic hypertonicity reduced metastatic burden as demonstrated by reduced lung nodules (4 versus 8, P = 0.004) and colonies on clonogenic assay (12 versus 43, P = 0.04).
conclusionThe in vitro exposure of tumor cells to a hypertonic environment reduces tumor cell migration and proliferation. Transient systemic hypertonicity can reduce the metastatic burden following intra-operative exposure to LPS in vivo.
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