ArticleGenome biology and evolution2017
"Prokaryotic Pathway" Is Not Prokaryotic: Noncyanobacterial Origin of the Chloroplast Lipid Biosynthetic Pathway Revealed by Comprehensive Phylogenomic Analysis.
Article in Genome biology and evolution, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Phosphatidic acid signaling in modulating plant reproduction and architecture.Plant communications · 2025Review
- Genomic and biochemical analyses of lipid biosynthesis in Cyanophora paradoxa: limited role of the chloroplast in fatty acid synthesis.Journal of experimental botany · 2025Article
- Unusual Genomic and Biochemical Features ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Evolution of aromatic amino acid metabolism in plants: a key driving force behind plant chemical diversity in aromatic natural products.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024Review
- Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase isoforms play diverse roles inside and outside the diatom plastid.The Plant cell · 2024Article
- Dynamic relationships among pathways producing hydrocarbons and fatty acids of maize silk cuticular waxes.Plant physiology · 2024Article
- How Did Thylakoids Emerge in Cyanobacteria, and How Were the Primary Chloroplast and Chromatophore Acquired?Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Distinctly localized lipid phosphate phosphatases mediate endoplasmic reticulum glycerolipid metabolism in Arabidopsis.The Plant cell · 2023Article
- Are Cyanobacteria an Ancestor of Chloroplasts or Just One of the Gene Donors for Plants and Algae?Genes · 2021Article
- Review
- Lipid Droplets in Unicellular Photosynthetic Stramenopiles.Frontiers in plant science · 2021Review
- Complex origins of chloroplast membranes with photosynthetic machineries: multiple transfers of genes from divergent organisms at different times or a single endosymbiotic event?Journal of plant research · 2020Article
- Horizontal and endosymbiotic gene transfer in early plastid evolution.The New phytologist · 2019Review
- Reticulate evolution in eukaryotes: Origin and evolution of the nitrate assimilation pathway.PLoS genetics · 2019Article
- Uncommon properties of lipid biosynthesis of isolated plastids in the unicellular red algaFEBS open bio · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lipid biosynthesis within the chloroplast, or more generally plastids, was conventionally called "prokaryotic pathway," which produces glycerolipids bearing C18 acids at the sn-1 position and C16 acids at the sn-2 position, as in cyanobacteria such as Anabaena and Synechocystis. This positional specificity is determined during the synthesis of phosphatidate, which is a precursor to diacylglycerol, the acceptor of galactose for the synthesis of galactolipids. The first acylation at sn-1 is catalyzed by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT or GPT), whereas the second acylation at sn-2 is performed by lysophosphatidate acyltransferase (LPAAT, AGPAT, or PlsC). Here we present comprehensive phylogenomic analysis of the origins of various acyltransferases involved in the synthesis of phosphatidate, as well as phosphatidate phosphatases in the chloroplasts. The results showed that the enzymes involved in the two steps of acylation in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts are entirely phylogenetically unrelated despite a previous report stating that the chloroplast LPAAT (ATS2) and cyanobacterial PlsC were sister groups. Phosphatidate phosphatases were separated into eukaryotic and prokaryotic clades, and the chloroplast enzymes were not of cyanobacterial origin, in contrast with another previous report. These results indicate that the lipid biosynthetic pathway in the chloroplasts or plastids did not originate from the cyanobacterial endosymbiont and is not "prokaryotic" in the context of endosymbiotic theory of plastid origin. This is another line of evidence for the discontinuity of plastids and cyanobacteria, which has been suggested in the glycolipid biosynthesis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.