ArticleArchives of toxicology2018
In vitro biotransformation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in different species. Part I: Microsomal degradation.
Article in Archives of toxicology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hepatic Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome Induced by Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Pyrrolizidine alkaloid intoxication outbreaks in fattening pigs associated with drought-related feed contamination.Porcine health management · 2025Article
- The In Vitro Pharmacokinetics of Medicinal Plants: A Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Review
- Rumen Metabolism ofJournal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2022Article
- Structure-Dependent Toxicokinetics of Selected Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids In Vitro.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Article
- Metabolism-mediated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids.Archives of toxicology · 2021Review
- In vitro biotransformation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in different species: part II-identification and quantitative assessment of the metabolite profile of six structurally different pyrrolizidine alkaloids.Archives of toxicology · 2020Article
- Gynura Rhizoma containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids induces the hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome in mice via upregulating fibrosis-related factors.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) are secondary metabolites of certain flowering plants. The ingestion of PAs may result in acute and chronic effects in man and livestock with hepatotoxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity being identified as predominant effects. Several hundred PAs sharing the diol pyrrolizidine as a core structure are formed by plants. Although many congeners may cause adverse effects, differences in the toxic potency have been detected in animal tests. It is generally accepted that PAs themselves are biologically and toxicologically inactive and require metabolic activation. Consequently, a strong relationship between activating metabolism and toxicity can be expected. Concerning PA susceptibility, marked differences between species were reported with a comparatively high susceptibility in horses, while goat and sheep seem to be almost resistant. Therefore, we investigated the in vitro degradation rate of four frequently occurring PAs by liver enzymes present in S9 fractions from human, pig, cow, horse, rat, rabbit, goat, and sheep liver. Unexpectedly, almost no metabolic degradation of any PA was observed for susceptible species such as human, pig, horse, or cow. If the formation of toxic metabolites represents a crucial bioactivation step, the found inverse conversion rates of PAs compared to the known susceptibility require further investigation.
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