ArticleParasites & vectors2017
Efficacy of oral moxidectin against susceptible and resistant isolates of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Milbemycin oxime and lotilaner for heartworm prevention in dogs in Korea: a randomized controlled field trial.Journal of veterinary science · 2026Article
- Comparative efficacy of six monthly doses of Simparica TrioParasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Development of Dirofilaria immitis adult worms in NSG mice, detection of parasite-derived microRNA and comparative analysis of laboratory isolates.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Preventive efficacy of six monthly doses of NexGard® PLUS or Simparica Trio® against a macrocyclic lactone-resistant isolate (JYD-34) of Dirofilaria immitis and of a single dose of NexGard PLUS against a susceptible isolate.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Molecular Discovery of Filarial Nematode DNA in an Endangered Wild Pinniped (Galapagos Sea Lion,Ecology and evolution · 2024Article
- Efficacy of moxidectin, using various dose regimens, against JYD-34, a macrocyclic lactone resistant isolate of Dirofilaria immitis.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Genetic polymorphism, constitutive expression and tissue localization of Dirofilaria immitis P-glycoprotein 11: a putative marker of macrocyclic lactone resistance.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Exploration of the sensitivity to macrocyclic lactones in the canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) in Australia using phenotypic and genotypic approaches.International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance · 2022Article
- De Novo Assembly of theAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Preventive efficacy of six monthly oral doses of Simparica TrioParasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Concern forPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Heartworm disease - Overview, intervention, and industry perspective.International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance · 2021Review
- Cryogenic preservation of Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae, reactivation and completion of the life-cycle in the mosquito and vertebrate hosts.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
- Preventive efficacy of four or six monthly oral doses of 24 µg/kg moxidectin compared to six monthly doses of Heartgard® Plus or Interceptor® Plus against macrocyclic lactone-resistant heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) strains in dogs.Parasites & vectors · 2020Article
- Efficacy of a new oral chewable tablet containing sarolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel (Simparica Trio™) against induced ascarid infections in dogs.Parasites & vectors · 2020Article
- Efficacy of a novel orally administered combination product containing sarolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel (Simparica Trio™) against induced infestations of five common tick species infesting dogs in the USA.Parasites & vectors · 2020Article
- Preventive efficacy of oral moxidectin at various doses and dosage regimens against macrocyclic lactone-resistant heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) strains in dogs.Parasites & vectors · 2019Article
- Laboratory and field studies to investigate the efficacy of a novel, orally administered combination product containing moxidectin, sarolaner and pyrantel for the prevention of heartworm disease (Dirofilaria immitis) in dogs.Parasites & vectors · 2019Article
- Perspectives on the utility of moxidectin for the control of parasitic nematodes in the face of developing anthelmintic resistance.International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance · 2019Review
- Macrocyclic lactone anthelmintic-induced leukocyte binding to Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae: Influence of the drug resistance status of the parasite.International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMonthly topical and sustained-release injectable formulations of moxidectin are currently marketed; however, an oral formulation, while approved at a dose of 3 μg/kg, is not currently marketed in the United States. Although resistance of heartworms to all macrocyclic lactone (ML) heartworm preventives (ivermectin, milbemycin, selamectin and moxidectin) has been demonstrated, to date no data have been reported on the effectiveness of oral moxidectin against recent isolates of Dirofilaria immitis.
methodsA total of nine studies were conducted to determine the efficacy of moxidectin against a range of older and recently sourced heartworm isolates. Dogs (groups of three to eight) were inoculated with 50 D. immitis infective larvae (L3) from nine different isolates (MP3, Michigan, JYD-34, ZoeMO-2012, ZoeKy-2013, ZoeLA-2013, GCFL-2014, AMAL-2014 and ZoeAL-2015) and treated 28-30 days later with single oral doses of 3 μg/kg of moxidectin. Additionally, one group of dogs that was inoculated with JYD-34 was treated monthly for 3 consecutive months beginning 30 days post inoculation. Dogs were held for approximately 4 months after the initial (or only) treatment and then necropsied for recovery of adult heartworms.
resultsA single dose of 3 μg/kg of moxidectin was 100% effective in preventing the development of five of nine heartworm isolates (MP3, Michigan, ZoeKy, GCFL and ZoeAL isolates), confirming their susceptibility to oral moxidectin at this dose. MP3 and Michigan are isolates sourced from the field more than 9 years ago, while ZoeKy, ZoeAL and GCFL were isolated from the field within the past 2 to 3 years. Against JYD-34, ZoeMO, ZoeLA and AMAL isolates, a single dose of 3 μg/kg of moxidectin was not completely effective, with efficacies of 19%, 82%, 54% and 62%, respectively, demonstrating resistance of these heartworm isolates to oral moxidectin at this dosage. Three consecutive monthly doses of 3 μg/kg of moxidectin were also incompletely effective against the JYD-34 isolate, with an efficacy of 44%. JYD-34 was originally isolated in 2010, while ZoeMO, ZoeLA and AMAL were isolated within the past 2 to 3 years.
conclusionsA single oral dose (3 μg/mg) of moxidectin was 100% effective in preventing the development of ML-susceptible heartworm isolates while being incompletely effective against ML-resistant isolates.
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