ArticleScientific reports2017
The Immunomodulatory Drug Glatiramer Acetate is Also an Effective Antimicrobial Agent that Kills Gram-negative Bacteria.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glatiramer acetate stimulates phagocytosis and intracellular killing ofFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial peptide glatiramer acetate targets Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharides to breach membranes without altering lipopolysaccharide modification.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2024Article
- Impact of Disease-Modifying Therapies on Gut-Brain Axis in Multiple Sclerosis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- An Update on the Therapeutic Potential of Antimicrobial Peptides againstPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Assessing the In Vitro Potential of Glatiramer Acetate (CopaxoneJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Synergistic Activity of Repurposed Peptide Drug Glatiramer Acetate with Tobramycin against Cystic Fibrosis Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Cystic Fibrosis Lung.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2022Article
- Multiple roles of ribosomal antimicrobial peptides in tackling global antimicrobial resistance.Royal Society open science · 2022Article
- Bacterial Nosocomial Infections: Multidrug Resistance as a Trigger for the Development of Novel Antimicrobials.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- MultiPep: a hierarchical deep learning approach for multi-label classification of peptide bioactivities.Biology methods & protocols · 2021Article
- Antibiotic Resistance Profiles, Molecular Mechanisms and Innovative Treatment Strategies ofMicroorganisms · 2020Review
- Antimicrobial Resistance in ESKAPE Pathogens.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2020Review
- Tasked with a Challenging Objective: Why Do Neutrophils Fail to BattlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Peptides as epigenetic modulators: therapeutic implications.Clinical epigenetics · 2019Review
- Article
- Drug Repurposing for the Treatment of Bacterial and Fungal Infections.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Review
- Structural Immunology of Complement Receptors 3 and 4.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Classic drug development strategies have failed to meet the urgent clinical needs in treating infections with Gram-negative bacteria. Repurposing drugs can lead to timely availability of new antibiotics, accelerated by existing safety profiles. Glatiramer acetate (GA) is a widely used and safe formulation for treatment of multiple sclerosis. It contains a large diversity of essentially isomeric polypeptides with the cationic and amphiphilic character of many antimicrobial peptides (AMP). Here, we report that GA is antibacterial, targeting Gram-negative organisms with higher activity towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa than the naturally-occurring AMP LL-37 in human plasma. As judged from flow cytometric assays, bacterial killing by GA occurred within minutes. Laboratory strains of Escherichia coli and P. aeruginosa were killed by a process of condensing intracellular contents. Efficient killing by GA was also demonstrated in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates and approximately 50% of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa from chronic airway infection in CF patients. By contrast, the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus cells appeared to be protected from GA by an increased formation of nm-scale particulates. Our data identify GA as an attractive drug repurposing candidate to treat infections with Gram-negative bacteria.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.