Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29141612›Full record

SynthesisBMC women's health2017

Individual-level and community-level determinants of cervical cancer screening among Kenyan women: a multilevel analysis of a Nationwide survey.

Fentanesh Nibret Tiruneh, Kun-Yang Chuang, Peter Austin Morton Ntenda, Ying-Chih Chuang

Abstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC women's health, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
65citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

65 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Trial
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Fentanesh Nibret TirunehSchool of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei City, Taiwan, 110.
Kun-Yang ChuangSchool of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei City, Taiwan, 110.
Peter Austin Morton NtendaSchool of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei City, Taiwan, 110.
Ying-Chih ChuangSchool of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei City, Taiwan, 110. yingchih@tmu.edu.tw.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3677-2443

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundStudies on the determinants of cervical cancer screening in sub-Saharan Africa have focused mostly on individual-level characteristics of cervical cancer screening. Therefore, in this study, we included both individual- and community-level indicators to examine the determinants of cervical cancer screening among Kenyan women.

methodsWe analyzed data from the 2014 Kenya Demographic and Health Surveys. Our analysis focused on 9016 married women of reproductive age (15-49 years). We conducted multilevel analyses using generalized linear mixed models with the log-binomial function to simultaneously analyze the association of individual- and community-level factors with cervical cancer screening.

resultsAbout 72.1% of women (n = 6498) knew about cervical cancer. Of these women, only 19.4% had undergone cervical cancer screening [58.24% Papanicolaou (Pap) test and 41.76% visual inspection]. Our multivariate analysis results indicated that the prevalence of cervical cancer screening was higher among women aged 35-49 years than women aged 15-24 years. The prevalence was also higher among women residing in the Central, Nyanza, and Nairobi regions than women residing in the Coastal region. Cervical cancer screening was more prevalent among women who had media exposure, had higher household wealth index, were employed, were insured, and had visit a health facility in 12 months than did their counterparts. The prevalence of Pap test history was 19% higher among women who had sexual autonomy than women who did not have sexual autonomy. The prevalence of Pap test history was also higher among communities comprised of higher proportions of women with sexual autonomy and higher education.

conclusionsPolicies should emphasize increasing gender equality, improving education at the community level, providing employment opportunities for women, and increasing universal health insurance coverage. These focal points can ensure equity in access to health care services and further increase the prevalence of cervical cancer screening in Kenya.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultDemographyEarly Detection of CancerFemaleHumansKenyaMass ScreeningMiddle AgedMultilevel AnalysisPapanicolaou TestUterine Cervical NeoplasmsVaginal SmearsYoung AdultCervical cancerKenyaPap testSub-Saharan AfricaWomen’s autonomy

Identifiers

PMID29141612
PMCPMC5688646

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.