ArticleThe Pediatric infectious disease journal2018
Immunity After Childhood Vaccinations in Perinatally HIV-exposed Children With and Without HIV Infection in Latin America.
Article in The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Measles Immunity at 4.5 Years of Age Following Vaccination at 9 and 15-18 Months of Age Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected, HIV-exposed-uninfected, and HIV-unexposed Children.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Trial
- Timing of antiretroviral treatment initiation and seropositivity to measles virus among children living with HIV in rural Zambia.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Are children and adolescents living with HIV in Europe and South Africa at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 and poor COVID-19 outcomes?Epidemiology and infection · 2025Article
- Heterogeneity and Hierarchy of Immune Response to Primary Immunization in HIV-Infected Children on HAART and the Impact of an Additional Dose of Vaccine.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Follow-up for 3 years of a pediatric population diagnosed in 2018 with mother-to-child transmission of HIV in 8 Latin American countries in the PLANTAIDS cohort.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Gaps in knowledge about the vaccine coverage of immunocompromised children: a scoping review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- Vaccination coverage and immunization safety among children with special health status in Chongqing, China.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- Defective Monocyte Enzymatic Function and an Inhibitory Immune Phenotype in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Exposed Uninfected African Infants in the Era of Antiretroviral Therapy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Protection of Vaccine Preventable Diseases in a Population of HIV-Infected Children: A 3 Years Prospective Study.Vaccines · 2021Article
- Levels of vaccination coverage among HIV-exposed children in China: a retrospective study.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2021Article
- Correlates of Health Care Workers' Knowledge and HIV-Exposed Infant Immunization Counseling Practice in Northern Nigeria.International journal of MCH and AIDS · 2021Article
- Safety and Immunogenicity of Measles Vaccination in HIV-Infected and HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2018Article
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15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPerinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) children are at risk for under-vaccination and poor vaccine response at 4 years of age. Childhood vaccine coverage and immune response were compared between PHIV and HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children in Latin America and the Caribbean.
methodsPHIV and HEU children were enrolled prospectively at 15 sites from 2002 to 2009. Full vaccination by age 4 years was defined as: 3 hepatitis B virus vaccine doses; 4 tetanus toxoid-containing vaccine doses; 3 doses of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine by age 12 months or ≥1 dose given after age 12 months; one measles-containing vaccine dose; one rubella-containing vaccine dose. Immunity was defined by serum antibody titer. Fisher exact test (for categorical measures) and t test (for continuous measures) were used for comparisons.
resultsAmong 519 children seen at age 4 years, 191 had serum specimens available (137 PHIV, 54 HEU). Among those with specimens available, 29.3% initiated combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) <12 months of age, 30.9% initiated at ≥12 months of age, and 39.8% had not received cART by the time they were seen at 4 years of age. At 4 years of age, 59.9% were on PI-containing cART (cART/PI), and 20.4% were on no ART. PHIV children were less likely than HEU children to be fully vaccinated for tetanus (55.5% vs. 77.8%, P = 0.005) and measles and rubella (both 70.1% vs. 94.4%, P < 0.001). Among those fully vaccinated, immunity was significantly lower among PHIV than HEU for all vaccines examined: 20.9% versus 37.8% for hepatitis B virus (P = 0.04), 72.0% versus 90.5% for tetanus (P = 0.02), 51.4% versus 68.8% for H. influenzae type b (P = 0.05), 80.2% versus 100% for measles (P < 0.001) and 72.9% versus 98.0% for rubella (P < 0.001) vaccine, respectively.
conclusionsCompared with HEU, PHIV children were significantly less likely to be immune to vaccine-preventable diseases when fully vaccinated. Strategies to increase immunity against vaccine-preventable diseases among PHIV require further study.
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