ArticlePain2018
Variability in negative emotions among individuals with chronic low back pain: relationships with pain and function.
Article in Pain, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The role of affect in chronic pain: A systematic review of within-person symptom dynamics.Journal of psychosomatic research · 2021Pooled it
- Autonomic indices of negative emotion regulation predict treatment response in opioid-treated chronic low back pain.The journal of pain · 2026Trial
- Problem Adaptation Therapy for Older Adults with Chronic Pain and Negative Emotions in Primary Care (PATH-Pain): A Randomized Clinical Trial.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Cognitive behavioral therapy cannot relieve postoperative pain and improve joint function after total knee arthroplasty in patients aged 70 years and older.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2021Trial
- Morning Bright Light Treatment for Chronic Low Back Pain: Potential Impact on the Volatility of Pain, Mood, Function, and Sleep.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2020Trial
- Action of ear acupuncture in people with chronic pain in the spinal column: a randomized clinical trial1.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2018Trial
- Emotion regulation variability and chronic pain: An ecological momentary assessment study.Behaviour research and therapy · 2026Article
- Exploration of How Uncertainty Tolerance, Emotion Regulation, and Hope Are Linked and Influenced in People with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Worked Example of a Social Constructivist Meta-Ethnography Study.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- First-episode vs recurrent nonspecific neck pain: clinical characteristics, recovery, and the impact of pain severity on well-being and functionality.Pain reports · 2025Article
- Can All Behavioral Problems Be Blamed on Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome?Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Enhancing treatment decision-making for low back pain: a novel framework integrating large language models with retrieval-augmented generation technology.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Top Ten Tips Palliative Care Clinicians Should Know About Behavioral Pain Management for Persistent Pain.Journal of palliative medicine · 2023Review
- A Dyadic Investigation of Depressed Affect and Interspousal Behavior in Couples With Chronic Back Pain.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2022Article
- Emotional Imagery Influences the Adaptive Force in Young Women: Unpleasant Imagery Reduces Instantaneously the Muscular Holding Capacity.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Self-Reported Pain and Emotional Reactivity in Bipolar Disorder: A Prospective FACE-BD Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Variability in Hourly Activity Levels: Statistical Noise or Insight Into Older Adult Frailty?The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2021Article
- Article
- Accelerated brain aging in chronic low back pain.Brain research · 2021Article
- Altered regulation of negative affect in patients with fibromyalgia: A diary study.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2021Article
- Study on the Associations of Individual and Work-Related Factors with Low Back Pain among Manufacturing Workers Based on Logistic Regression and Structural Equation Model.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic pain is associated with elevated negative emotions, and resources needed to adaptively regulate these emotions can be depleted during prolonged pain. Studies of links between pain, function, and negative emotions in people with chronic pain, however, have focused almost exclusively on relationships among mean levels of these factors. Indexes that may reflect aspects of emotion regulation have typically not been analyzed. We propose that 1 index of emotion regulation is variability in emotion over time as opposed to average emotion over time. The sample was 105 people with chronic low back pain and 105 of their pain-free spouses. They completed electronic diary measures 5x/d for 14 consecutive days, producing 70 observations per person from which we derived estimates of within-subject variance in negative emotions. Location-scale models were used to simultaneously model predictors of both mean level and variance in patient negative emotions over time. Patients reported significantly more variability in negative emotions compared to their spouses. Patients who reported higher average levels of pain, pain interference, and downtime reported significantly higher levels of variability in negative emotions. Spouse-observed pain and pain behaviors were also associated with greater variability in patients' negative emotions. Test of the inverse associations between negative emotion level and variability in pain and function were significant but weaker in magnitude. These findings support the notion that chronic pain may erode negative emotion regulation resources, to the potential detriment of intra- and inter-personal function.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.