ArticlePsychological medicine2018
Childhood inflammatory markers and intelligence as predictors of subsequent persistent depressive symptoms: a longitudinal cohort study.
Article in Psychological medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inflammation and depression in young people: a systematic review and proposed inflammatory pathways.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
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- Immunometabolic blood biomarkers of developmental trajectories of depressive symptoms: findings from the ALSPAC birth cohort.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Psychobiological mechanisms underlying the association between early life stress and depression in adolescence.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Neurobiology of resilience to early life stress.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Association between depressive symptom and respiratory health in two prospective cohort studies.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2025Article
- Childhood exposure to particulate matter and nitrogen oxides and associations with mental health disorders in early adulthood: testing mediation by cognition in a UK longitudinal cohort study.BMJ mental health · 2025Article
- Associations between IL-6 and trajectories of depressive symptoms across the life course: Evidence from ALSPAC and UK Biobank cohorts.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- Potential Plausible Role of Stem Cell for Treating Depressive Disorder: a Retrospective Review.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- Article
- Glycoprotein acetyls and depression: Testing for directionality and potential causality using longitudinal data and Mendelian randomization analyses.Journal of affective disorders · 2023Article
- Early-life inflammatory markers and subsequent psychotic and depressive episodes between 10 to 28 years of age.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2022Article
- Cytokine alterations in pediatric internalizing disorders: Systematic review and exploratory multi-variate meta-analysis.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2022Article
- Metabolomics Based on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Dissect the Mechanisms of Chaigui Granules for Treating Depression.ACS omega · 2022Article
- C-Reactive Protein and TGF-α Predict Psychological Distress at Two Years of Follow-Up in Healthy Adolescent Boys: The Fit Futures Study.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Personality and risk of hospital diagnosed mental disorder: a 35 years' prospective study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2021Article
- miR-218 in Adolescence Predicts and Mediates Vulnerability to Stress.Biological psychiatry · 2021Article
- Persistence and remission of depressive symptoms and psycho-social correlates in Chinese early adolescents.BMC psychiatry · 2020Article
- Shared mechanisms between coronary heart disease and depression: findings from a large UK general population-based cohort.Molecular psychiatry · 2020Article
- Inflammation as a treatment target in mood disorders: review.BJPsych open · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTo identify developmental sub-groups of depressive symptoms during the second decade of life, a critical period of brain development, using data from a prospective birth cohort. To test whether childhood intelligence and inflammatory markers are associated with subsequent persistent depressive symptoms.
methodsIQ, a proxy for neurodevelopment, was measured at age 8 years. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein, typical inflammatory markers, were measured at age 9 years. Depressive symptoms were measured six times between 10 and 19 years using the short mood and feelings questionnaire (SMFQ), which were coded as binary variable and then used in latent class analysis to identify developmental sub-groups of depressive symptoms.
resultsLongitudinal SMFQ data from 9156 participants yielded three distinct population sub-groups of depressive symptoms: no symptoms (81.2%); adolescent-onset symptoms (13.2%); persistent symptoms (5.6%). Lower IQ and higher IL-6 levels in childhood were independently associated with subsequent persistent depressive symptoms in a linear, dose-response fashion, but not with adolescent-onset symptoms. Compared with the group with no symptoms the adjusted odds ratio for persistent depressive symptoms per s.d. increase in IQ was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.68-0.95); that for IL-6 was 1.20 (95% CI, 1.03-1.39). Evidence for an association with IL-6 remained after controlling for initial severity of depressive symptoms at 10 years. There was no evidence that IL-6 moderated or mediated the IQ-persistent depressive symptom relationship.
conclusionsThe results indicate potentially important roles for two distinct biological processes, neurodevelopment and inflammation, in the aetiology of persistent depressive symptoms in young people.
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