Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29138193›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2017

Stoic beliefs and health: development and preliminary validation of the Pathak-Wieten Stoicism Ideology Scale.

Elizabeth B Pathak, Sarah E Wieten, Christopher W Wheldon

Abstract readValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  13. Culture matters: adapting supportive programs for cancer patients in low- and middle-income countries.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2022
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  14. The Role of Emotion in Understanding Whiteness.Journal of bioethical inquiry · 2021
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Elizabeth B PathakDepartment of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.
Sarah E WietenDepartments of Philosophy and Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.
Christopher W WheldonDepartment of Community and Family Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionWe developed and validated a new parsimonious scale to measure stoic beliefs. Key domains of stoicism are imperviousness to strong emotions, indifference to death, taciturnity and self-sufficiency. In the context of illness and disease, a personal ideology of stoicism may create an internal resistance to objective needs, which can lead to negative consequences. Stoicism has been linked to help-seeking delays, inadequate pain treatment, caregiver strain and suicide after economic stress.

methodsDuring 2013-2014, 390 adults aged 18+ years completed a brief anonymous paper questionnaire containing the preliminary 24-item Pathak-Wieten Stoicism Ideology Scale (PW-SIS). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test an a priori multidomain theoretical model. Content validity and response distributions were examined. Sociodemographic predictors of strong endorsement of stoicism were explored with logistic regression.

resultsThe final PW-SIS contains four conceptual domains and 12 items. CFA showed very good model fit: root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.05 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.07), goodness-of-fit index=0.96 and Tucker-Lewis Index=0.93. Cronbach's alpha was 0.78 and ranged from 0.64 to 0.71 for the subscales. Content validity analysis showed a statistically significant trend, with respondents who reported trying to be a stoic 'all of the time' having the highest PW-SIS scores. Men were over two times as likely as women to fall into the top quartile of responses (OR=2.30, 95% CI 1.44 to 3.68, P<0.001). ORs showing stronger endorsement of stoicism by Hispanics, Blacks and biracial persons were not statistically significant. DISCUSSION: The PW-SIS is a valid and theoretically coherent scale which is brief and practical for integration into a wide range of health behaviour and outcomes research studies.

Indexed as

HealthPhilosophySurveys and QuestionnairesAdultAsianBlack or African AmericanFemaleHispanic or LatinoHumansMalePatient Acceptance of Health CareSex FactorsWhite PeopleYoung Adultgenderhealth behaviour theorieshelp-seekingmasculinitypatient perspectivesstoicism

Identifiers

PMID29138193
PMCPMC5695468

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.