ArticleBMC infectious diseases2017
Outbreak of caliciviruses in the Singapore military, 2015.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The military as a neglected pathogen transmitter, from the nineteenth century to COVID-19: a systematic review.Global health research and policy · 2021Pooled it
- Food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices among food handlers employed in higher education institutions in Northwestern China.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Vaccine value profile for norovirus.Vaccine · 2023Article
- Article
- Characterization of Meningitis and Meningoencephalitis in the Israeli Defense Forces From 2004 to 2015: A Population-Based Study.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Sapovirus: an emerging cause of childhood diarrhea.Current opinion in infectious diseases · 2020Review
- The epidemiology of norovirus gastroenteritis in China: disease burden and distribution of genotypes.Frontiers of medicine · 2020Review
- Article
- A foodborne acute gastroenteritis outbreak caused by GII.P16-GII.2 norovirus in a boarding high school, Beijing, China: a case-control study.BMC research notes · 2018Article
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8 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFrom 31 August to 9 September 2015, a total of 150 military personnel at a military institution in Singapore were infected with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) with an attack rate of approximately 3%. This study aimed to determine the epidemiology of the outbreak, investigate its origins, and discuss measures to prevent future occurrences.
methodsAfter the AGE outbreak was declared on 31 August 2015, symptom surveys, hygiene inspections, and the testing of water, food, and stool samples were initiated. We collected 86 stool samples from AGE cases and 58 samples from food-handlers during the course of the outbreak and these stool samples were tested for 8 bacterial pathogens and 2 viral pathogens (i.e., norovirus and sapovirus).
resultsWe detected Sapovirus (SaV), group I Norovirus (NoV GI) and group II Norovirus (NoV GII) from the stool samples of AGE cases. Further sequence analyses showed that the AGE outbreak in August was caused mainly by three rarely reported calicivirus novel genotypes: NoV GI.7, NoV GII.17 and SaV GII.3. Control measures implemented focused on the escalation of personal and environmental hygiene, which included the separation of affected and unaffected soldiers, enforcement of rigorous hand-washing and hygiene, raising awareness of food and water safety, and disinfection of communal areas with bleach.
conclusionsThis study identified both NoV and SaV as the causative agents for an AGE outbreak at a Singapore military camp in August 2015. This study is also the first to report SaV as one of the main causative agents, highlighting the importance of caliciviruses as causative agents of AGE outbreaks in the Singapore military. As there are no commercially available vaccines against caliciviruses, strict personal hygiene and proper disinfection of environmental surfaces remain crucial to prevent calicivirus outbreak and transmission.
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