ArticlePloS one2017
STING expression and response to treatment with STING ligands in premalignant and malignant disease.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- The cGAS-STING pathway: mechanistic basis, dual biological functions and translational therapeutic advances.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- STING predicts patterns of failure in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2026Article
- [cGAS-STING agonist cGAMP enhances natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity against gastric cancer cells].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2026Article
- Immune targeting of triple-negative breast cancer through a clinically actionable STING agonist-CAR T cell platform.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- In Situ Proinflammatory Effects of Dazostinag Alone or with Chemotherapy on the Tumor Microenvironment of Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Cancer research communications · 2025Article
- cGAS/STING signaling pathway in gynecological malignancies: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic values.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The role of cGAS-STING signaling in HPV infection and HPV-related cancers.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- A novel small molecule Enpp1 inhibitor improves tumor control following radiation therapy by targeting stromal Enpp1 expression.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Central Roles of Keratinocytes in Coordinating Skin Immunity.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2024Review
- Review
- Differential Regulation of the STING Pathway in Human Papillomavirus-Positive and -Negative Head and Neck Cancers.Cancer research communications · 2024Article
- The role of cGAS-STING signaling in the development and therapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- The cGAS/STING/IFN-1 Response in Squamous Head and Neck Cancer Cells after Genotoxic Challenges and Abrogation of the ATR-Chk1 and Fanconi Anemia Axis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Prognostic Significance of STING Immunoexpression in Relation to HPV16 Infection in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinomas of Oral Cavity and Oropharynx.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Nucleic Acid Sensing in the Tumor Vasculature.Cancers · 2021Review
- Article
- Combined STING levels and CD103+ T cell infiltration have significant prognostic implications for patients with cervical cancer.Oncoimmunology · 2021Article
- Defining Immunogenic and Radioimmunogenic Tumors.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Leukoplakia and Immunology: New Chemoprevention Landscapes?International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- cGAS-STING pathway in oncogenesis and cancer therapeutics.Oncotarget · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human papilloma virus positive (HPV+) tumors represent a large proportion of anal, vulvar, vaginal, cervical and head and neck squamous carcinomas (HNSCC) and late stage invasive disease is thought to originate from a premalignant state. Cyclic dinucleotides that activate STimulator of INterferon Genes (STING) have been shown to cause rapid regression of a range of advanced tumors. We aimed to investigate STING ligands as a novel treatment for papilloma. We tested therapies in a spontaneous mouse model of papilloma of the face and anogenital region that histologically resembles human HPV-associated papilloma. We demonstrate that STING ligands cause rapid regression of papilloma, associated with T cell infiltration, and are significantly more effective than Imiquimod, a current immunotherapy for papilloma. In humans, we show that STING is expressed in the basal layer of normal skin and lost during keratinocyte differentiation. We found STING was expressed in all HPV-associated cervical and anal dysplasia and was strongly expressed in the cancer cells of HPV+ HNSCC but not in HPV-unrelated HNSCC. We found no strong association between STING expression and progressive disease in non-HPV oral dysplasia and oral pre-malignancies that are not HPV-related. These data demonstrate that STING is expressed in basal cells of the skin and is retained in HPV+ pre-malignancies and advanced cancers, but not in HPV-unrelated HNSCC. However, using a murine HNSCC model that does not express STING, we demonstrate that STING ligands are an effective therapy regardless of expression of STING by the cancer cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.