ArticleTherapeutic drug monitoring2017
Efavirenz Therapeutic Range in HIV-1 Treatment-Naive Participants.
Article in Therapeutic drug monitoring, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Race/Ethnicity and Protease Inhibitor Use Influence Plasma Tenofovir Exposure in Adults Living with HIV-1 in AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5202.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2019Trial
- Development and Validation of Bioanalytical Method for Efavirenz in Dried Blood Spot Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photodiode Array.Journal of experimental pharmacology · 2026Article
- A High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of dolutegravir, nevirapine, efavirenz, rifampicin and rifapentine concentrations in human plasma.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- A fast-screening dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method applied to the determination of efavirenz in human plasma samples.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2021Article
- Efavirenz induces DNA damage response pathway in lung cancer.Oncotarget · 2020Article
- Genital Shedding of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 (HIV) When Antiretroviral Therapy Suppresses HIV Replication in the Plasma.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Efavirenz Metabolism: Influence of Polymorphic CYP2B6 Variants and Stereochemistry.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2019Review
- Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor levels among HIV-exposed uninfected infants at the time of HIV PCR testing - findings from a tertiary healthcare facility in Pretoria, South Africa.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2019Observational
- Role of efavirenz plasma concentrations on long-term HIV suppression and immune restoration in HIV-infected children.PloS one · 2019Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEfavirenz is currently suggested as an alternative to recommended antiretroviral (ARV) regimens by the Department of Health and Human Services for the treatment of HIV-1 in ARV-naive patients. A mid-dosing interval therapeutic range between 1000 and 4000 ng/mL for efavirenz has been proposed in the literature, with patients more likely to experience virologic failure below this range and adverse effects above. The current study reports an analysis of virologic outcome between those above, below, or within the reported efavirenz therapeutic range (1000-4000 ng/mL) and within subgroups.
methodsThis analysis examined efavirenz plasma concentrations obtained from participants enrolled in AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5202. This investigation divided subjects into those who experienced virologic failure and those who did not. These subjects were further separated to investigate those who had "high," "within," or "low" plasma concentrations, based on the therapeutic range. The association between virologic failure and plasma concentration was statistically examined in addition to the variables: race/ethnicity, sex, assigned nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitor backbone, age at study entry, history of intravenous drug use, weight, and screening HIV-1 RNA stratification level.
resultsIn univariate analyses, a statistically significant difference was found when comparing the efavirenz concentration groups, (22 failures among the "low" concentration group [19%], 65 failures among the "within" concentration group [12%], and 11 failures among the "high" concentration group [9%]) when evaluating virologic failure as an outcome (P = 0.04). In addition, the proportion of participants with virologic failure differed across race/ethnicity groups (P = 0.03) with black non-Hispanic participants observed to have the highest rate (17%). Efavirenz concentration group, race/ethnicity, age, weight, and the interaction between efavirenz concentration group and weight were found to be significantly associated with virologic failure in multivariable logistic regression analysis.
conclusionsThe proposed efavirenz therapeutic range, combined with the impact of a patient's weight, is associated with virologic failure in HIV-infected ARV-naive individuals in the United States. Additional analysis is recommended to determine the most appropriate concentration value that defines the lower limit of the efavirenz therapeutic range.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.