ArticleAnnals of internal medicine2017
Functional Impairment and Decline in Middle Age: A Cohort Study.
Article in Annals of internal medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04422704 (Mixed Study on the Impact of a Technology-based Intervention With Retired People), which is not on this map. Cited by 58 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Mixed Study on the Impact of a Technology-based Intervention With Retired People
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Physical Activity Interventions on Strength, Balance and Falls in Middle-Aged Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports medicine - open · 2023Pooled it
- The health-related quality of life in patients with Chagas disease: the state of the art.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of Behaviorally Designed Gamification With a Social Support Partner to Increase Mobility After Hospital Discharge: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2021Trial
- Trajectories of functional impairment in homeless older adults: Results from the HOPE HOME study.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Disability Among Middle Aged and Older Immigrants: Differences by Citizenship, English Proficiency, and Years in United States.Journal of aging and health · 2026Article
- Optimizing temporal windows for wearable-augmented post-discharge risk prediction: a methods study.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2026Article
- Physical function frailty trajectory before and after cardiovascular event among older adults in three multinational cohorts.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Functional Status of Adults at Risk of Medicaid Disenrollment Under National Work Requirements.Annals of internal medicine · 2026Article
- A hand biomechanics dataset of kinematics, kinetics, electromyography, and imaging in healthy adults.Scientific data · 2026Article
- Predictors and Consequences of Poor Health Trajectories Among US Adults Ages 50-64: A Latent Class Growth Analysis.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Trends in trajectories and incidence of functional impairment in middle-aged Americans.PloS one · 2026Article
- Development and validation of the mobility in middle-age questionnaire.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Article
- Development of a physical performance summary score in middle age: Findings from the CARDIA Function study.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Habitual physical activity and sedentary behavior among women with and without premenopausal bilateral oophorectomy: an exploratory study.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- A hand biomechanics dataset of kinematics, kinetics, electromyography, and imaging in healthy adults.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Fitness and exercise effects on brain age: A randomized clinical trial.Journal of sport and health science · 2025Article
- Prevalence of functional disability and associated factors among older people in Vietnam: a secondary data analysis.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Equity in home care use in Canada: a cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian longitudinal study on ageing.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Cross national patterns in educational inequalities in functional limitations among middle aged and older adults at two time points.SSM - population health · 2024Article
- Caring for Patients with Functional Impairment in Middle Age: Perspectives from Primary Care Providers and Geriatricians.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDifficulties with daily functioning are common in middle-aged adults. However, little is known about the epidemiology or clinical course of these problems, including the extent to which they share common features with functional impairment in older adults.
objectiveTo determine the epidemiology and clinical course of functional impairment and decline in middle age.
designCohort study.
settingThe Health and Retirement Study.
participants6874 community-dwelling adults aged 50 to 56 years who did not have functional impairment at enrollment. MEASUREMENTS: Impairment in activities of daily living (ADLs), defined as self-reported difficulty performing 1 or more ADLs, assessed every 2 years for a maximum follow-up of 20 years, and impairment in instrumental ADLs (IADLs), defined similarly. Data were analyzed by using multistate models that estimate probabilities of different outcomes.
resultsImpairment in ADLs developed in 22% of participants aged 50 to 64 years, in whom further functional transitions were common. Two years after the initial impairment, 4% (95% CI, 3% to 5%) of participants had died, 9% (CI, 8% to 11%) had further ADL decline, 50% (CI, 48% to 52%) had persistent impairment, and 37% (CI, 35% to 39%) had recovered independence. In the 10 years after the initial impairment, 16% (CI, 14% to 18%) had 1 or more episodes of functional decline and 28% (CI, 26% to 30%) recovered from their initial impairment and remained independent throughout this period. The pattern of findings was similar for IADLs. LIMITATION: Functional status was self-reported.
conclusionFunctional impairment and decline are common in middle age, as are transitions from impairment to independence and back again. Because functional decline in older adults has similar features, current interventions used for prevention in older adults may hold promise for those in middle age. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: National Institute on Aging and National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences through the University of California, San Francisco, Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.