ArticleBiometrics2018
Covariate-adjusted Spearman's rank correlation with probability-scale residuals.
Article in Biometrics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Plasma amyloid beta, neurofilament light chain, and total tau in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT).Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2022Trial
- Dietary fatty acid intake and gut microbiota determine circulating endocannabinoidome signaling beyond the effect of body fat.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Global brain activity links subcortical degeneration to cortical tau progressively across Braak regions over early Alzheimer's disease stages.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Continuous sampling of cerebrospinal fluid from the third ventricle of the hypothalamus to identify accumulating or depleting metabolites during hibernation.The Journal of experimental biology · 2026Article
- Continuous contributions of the dorsolateral striatum to movement initiation and execution.Science advances · 2026Article
- Structural Accountability and Practice-Level Governance as Dual Pathways to Accreditation-Seeking Intention in Private Dental Practice: Evidence from a Mixed Public-Private Healthcare System.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A method of compensating for the excitability of spinal motoneurones when estimating the magnitude of potentials evoked in skeletal muscles.The Journal of physiology · 2026Article
- Physics-informed machine learning for cross-study prediction of oil-water membrane fouling.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Regression-based Modeling of Spearman's Rho for Longitudinal Metabolomics and Mental Wellness in Breast Cancer Patients.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A calcium-associated serum metabolomic fingerprint in anorectic dairy cows.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2026Article
- Correlated amplitudes of potentials evoked in homologous muscles by magnetic stimulation reveal positive covariation of corticospinal output.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- The interaction of fibrinolysis and the complement system in patients with acute pulmonary embolism, treated with ultrasound-assisted catheter-directed thrombolysis.Thrombosis journal · 2026Article
- Global brain activity links subcortical degeneration to cortical tau progressively across Braak regions over early Alzheimer's disease stages.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Development of Transferable Coarse-Grained Lipid Models with Optimized Structural and Elastic Membrane Properties.Journal of chemical theory and computation · 2025Article
- Leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein for detecting small bowel lesions in Crohn's disease: A critical review and the path forward.World journal of gastrointestinal endoscopy · 2025Article
- The Human Fecal Endocannabinoidome Mediator Profile Is Mainly Defined by the Fecal Microbiota and Diet.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
It is desirable to adjust Spearman's rank correlation for covariates, yet existing approaches have limitations. For example, the traditionally defined partial Spearman's correlation does not have a sensible population parameter, and the conditional Spearman's correlation defined with copulas cannot be easily generalized to discrete variables. We define population parameters for both partial and conditional Spearman's correlation through concordance-discordance probabilities. The definitions are natural extensions of Spearman's rank correlation in the presence of covariates and are general for any orderable random variables. We show that they can be neatly expressed using probability-scale residuals (PSRs). This connection allows us to derive simple estimators. Our partial estimator for Spearman's correlation between X and Y adjusted for Z is the correlation of PSRs from models of X on Z and of Y on Z, which is analogous to the partial Pearson's correlation derived as the correlation of observed-minus-expected residuals. Our conditional estimator is the conditional correlation of PSRs. We describe estimation and inference, and highlight the use of semiparametric cumulative probability models, which allow preservation of the rank-based nature of Spearman's correlation. We conduct simulations to evaluate the performance of our estimators and compare them with other popular measures of association, demonstrating their robustness and efficiency. We illustrate our method in two applications, a biomarker study and a large survey.
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