ArticleThe ocular surface2018
Nitrogen mustard-induced corneal injury involves the sphingomyelin-ceramide pathway.
Article in The ocular surface, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nitrogen mustard causes progressive tissue injury, severe DNA damage, and necroptosis in the cornea.Experimental eye research · 2025Article
- Current progress in research on ocular injury caused by exposure to vesicants.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2025Review
- Article
- Nitrogen mustard induces dynamic nuclear protein spectrum change and DNA-protein crosslinking, with p97 mediating repair.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Mouse Model of Nitrogen Mustard Ocular Surface Injury Characterization and Sphingolipid Signaling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Metabolomics for identifying pathways involved in vesicating agent lewisite-induced corneal injury.Experimental eye research · 2023Article
- Cellular senescence implication in mustard keratopathy.Experimental eye research · 2023Article
- Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Secreted Factors on Delay in Corneal Wound Healing by Nitrogen Mustard.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Review
- Role of Choline in Ocular Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Ocular Surface - Merging Challenges and Opportunities.Translational vision science & technology · 2020Article
- An in vitro depth of injury prediction model for a histopathologic classification of EPA and GHS eye irritants.Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA · 2019Article
- Integrated multi-omics approach reveals a role of ALDH1A1 in lipid metabolism in human colon cancer cells.Chemico-biological interactions · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeNitrogen mustard (NM), which simulates the effects of sulfur mustard (SM), is a potent vesicant known to cause irreversible corneal damage. This study investigates the mechanisms by which NM induces corneal damage by examining the impact of NM exposure on the morphology and lipidome of the cornea.
methodsIntact ex vivo rabbit eyes were placed in serum-free DMEM organ culture. NM (0, 1, 2.5, 5 or 10 mg/ml) was applied to the central cornea for 5, 10 or 15 min using a 5 mm filter disk and subsequently rinsed with DMEM. Corneas were then cultured for 3, 24, or 48 h before being fixed for morphological analysis or for 24 h before being snap frozen for lipidomic analysis.
resultsNo morphological changes were detected 3 h after NM exposure. Twenty-four h after exposure, 1 mg/ml NM caused erosion of the corneal epithelium, but no damage to the underlying stroma. Damage caused by 2.5 mg/ml NM extended almost two thirds through the corneal stroma, while 5 mg/ml completely penetrated the corneal stroma. An altered lipid profile occurred 24 h after corneas were exposed to NM. Specific sphingomyelins, ceramides, and diacylglycerols were increased up to 9-, 60- and 10-fold, respectively.
conclusionsNM induces concentration- and exposure time-dependent damage to the cornea that increases in severity over time. Alterations in the sphingomyelin-ceramide pathway may contribute to the damaging effects of NM exposure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.