SynthesisSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2018
Heat Acclimation Decay and Re-Induction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 194 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of Exercise Heat Acclimation Protocol Characteristics on Adaptation Kinetics: A Quantitative Review With Bayesian Meta-Regressions.Comprehensive physiology · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Heat Acclimation and Acclimatisation on Maximal Aerobic Capacity Compared to Exercise Alone in Both Thermoneutral and Hot Environments: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Pooled it
- Sustainable solutions to mitigate occupational heat strain - an umbrella review of physiological effects and global health perspectives.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2020Pooled it
- Compliance With the National Athletic Trainers' Association Inter-Association Task Force Preseason Heat-Acclimatization Guidelines in High School Football.Journal of athletic training · 2019Guideline
- Performance Changes Following Heat Acclimation and the Factors That Influence These Changes: Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression.Frontiers in physiology · 2019Pooled it
- Heat Acclimation with Blood Flow Restriction Improves Cognitive-Motor Dual-Task Ability and Neuromuscular Fatigue.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2026Trial
- Training in hot water immersion improved exercise performance in hot and humid conditions in recreational athletes - a randomized controlled trial.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Trial
- Trial
- The time course of adaptations in thermoneutral maximal oxygen consumption following heat acclimation.European journal of applied physiology · 2019Trial
- Active Heat Acclimation Training Offered Better Results in Thermal Rooms in Basic-Training Troops: A Prospective Controlled Study.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingTrial
- Modelling beyond additive risks: A framework for estimating the cascading burden of environmental exposure.Eco-Environment & Health · 2026Article
- Short-term endurance training in the cold with layered clothing mitigates perceptual strain during exercise in the heat.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Common and Divergent Physiological Responses to Hypoxia and Heat.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Optimizing Athlete Travel for Performance: A Scientific Blueprint for Athletes, Coaches, and Sports Medicine Staff.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- The 2026 Men's FIFA Football World Cup: Evidence-Based Guidelines to Protect Player Health and Performance from Environmental Challenges.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Four-Days of Passive Heat Acclimation Increases Exercise Capacity in Healthy Older Adults Living in the UK.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Taurine Supplementation and Human Heat Tolerance: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Integration with Heat Acclimation, Cooling, and Hydration.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Impact of heat exposure during immobilization-induced de-training and re-training on aerobic capacity and haemoglobin mass.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Exposure to heat at work: development of a quantitative European job exposure matrix (heat JEM).Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2026Article
- Thermal sensation and comfort responses during repeated exposure to mild heat.Journal of physiological anthropology · 2025Article
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough the acquisition of heat acclimation (HA) is well-documented, less is known about HA decay (HAD) and heat re-acclimation (HRA). The available literature suggests 1 day of HA is lost following 2 days of HAD. Understanding this relationship has the potential to impact upon the manner in which athletes prepare for major competitions, as a HA regimen may be disruptive during final preparations (i.e., taper).
objectiveThe aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the rate of HAD and HRA in three of the main physiological adaptations occurring during HA: heart rate (HR), core temperature (T DATA SOURCES: Data for this systematic review were retrieved from Scopus and critical review of the cited references. STUDY SELECTION: Studies were included when they met the following criteria: HA, HAD, and HRA (when available) were quantified in terms of exposure and duration. HA had to be for at least 5 days and HAD for at least 7 days for longitudinal studies. HR, T STUDY APPRAISAL: The level of bias in each study was assessed using the McMaster critical review form. Multiple linear regression techniques were used to determine the dependency of HAD in HR, T
resultsTwelve studies met the criteria and were systematically reviewed. HAD was quantified as a percentage change relative to HA (0% = HA, 100% = unacclimated state). Adaptations in end-exercise HR decreased by 2.3% (P < 0.001) for every day of HAD. For end-exercise T LIMITATIONS: The available studies lacked standardization in the protocols for HA and HAD.
conclusionsHAD and HRA differ considerably between physiological systems. Five or more HA days are sufficient to cause adaptations in HR and T
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.