ArticleJournal of abnormal child psychology2018
Is the Association of ADHD with Socio-Economic Disadvantage Explained by Child Comorbid Externalizing Problems or Parent ADHD?
Article in Journal of abnormal child psychology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- The relationship between maternal adiposity during pregnancy and toddler ADHD symptoms is mediated by gestational inflammation.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Association between parental ADHD and adverse offspring outcomes: Evidence from a nationwide Swedish register-based study.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Parental education level and ADHD diagnosis in childhood and adolescence: the moderating roles of gender, age, and family history of ADHD.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Risk and resilience: adverse and positive childhood experiences and aggression in adults with and without ADHD.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- "The Way the System is Working Out, It's Not Working at All": Parent Perspectives on Social Determinants of Health and ADHD Symptoms in Preschoolers.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
- Lifetime Contacts with Child Welfare Services among Children and Adolescents with ADHD: A Population-Based Registry Study.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
- Examining the association of neighborhood conditions on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in autistic youth using the child opportunity index 2.0.JCPP advances · 2025Article
- Article
- Disrupting links between poverty, chronic stress, and educational inequality.NPJ science of learning · 2023Review
- Social gradient in use of health services and health-related quality of life of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review.JCPP advances · 2023Article
- Joint polygenic and environmental risks for childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and ADHD symptom dimensions.JCPP advances · 2023Article
- Educational level, attention problems, and externalizing behaviour in adolescence and early adulthood: the role of social causation and health-related selection-the TRAILS study.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2023Article
- The Oregon ADHD-1000: A new longitudinal data resource enriched for clinical cases and multiple levels of analysis.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2023Article
- Parental ADHD and ASD symptoms and contributions of psychosocial risk to childhood ADHD and ASD symptoms in children born very preterm.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2023Article
- Surveillance of ADHD Among Children in the United States: Validity and Reliability of Parent Report of Provider Diagnosis.Journal of attention disorders · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- Associations between neighborhood, family factors and symptom change in childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2021Article
- Autism Spectrum and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Children of Immigrants: A Brief Review of Current Evidence and Implications for Clinical Practice.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
It has been unclear whether an associations of child ADHD with socio-economic disadvantage (SES) could be accounted for by (a) parental ADHD explaining both low SES and child ADHD, and/or (b) the joint overlap of ODD or CD with low SES and ADHD. Study 1 used a community-recruited case-control sample with detailed evaluation of SES indicators, child ADHD, child externalizing, and parent ADHD symptoms (n = 931 children, 521 ADHD, 577 boys, 354 girls) in a path modeling analysis with latent variables. Study 2 evaluated ADHD and externalizing behavior in a regression model using a poverty index for SES, in 70,927 children (48.2% female) aged 5-17 years from the US 2011-2012 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH). In Study 1, lower SES was related to the ADHD latent variable, β = -.18, p < .001; 95%CI [-.25,-.12]. This effect held when parent ADHD and child ODD and CD were in the model, β = -.11, p < .01, 95% CI [-.09,-.03], equivalent to OR = 1.50, 95% CI[1.12-2.04]). In Study 2, these results replicated. Adjusting only for age and sex, children from families who were below 200% of the federal poverty line were more likely to have moderate or severe ADHD than no ADHD, versus children above that line, OR = 2.13, 95% CI[1.79,2.54], p < .001. The effect held after adjusting for disruptive/externalizing problems, OR = 1.61, p < .01, 95%CI [1.32,1.96]. The effect size for comparable models was similar across both studies, lending higher confidence to the results. It is concluded that the SES association with child ADHD is not explained by artifact and requires a mechanistic explanation.
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