ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2018
Cognitive Variability Predicts Incident Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment Comparable to a Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations of cognitive intraindividual variability with Alzheimer's disease risk: A systematic review.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2026Pooled it
- Cognitive Intra-individual Variability in Cognitively Healthy APOE ε4 Carriers, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer's Disease: a Meta-analysis.Neuropsychology review · 2025Pooled it
- Your brain doesn't look a day past 70! Cross-sectional associations with brain-predicted age in the cognitively-intact oldest-old.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Reliability and stability of cognitive intraindividual variability indices among cognitively unimpaired older adults.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2026Article
- Cognitive dispersion is associated with white matter hyperintensities in amyloid positive older adults.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2026Article
- Cognitive and Neuroimaging Biomarker Intra-Individual Variability in Alzheimer's Disease.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Intraindividual cognitive variability predicts amyloid beta, tau PET, and dementia conversion in Down syndrome: a potential marker of cognitive resilience.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Plasma biomarkers of neurodegeneration and intraindividual cognitive variability: Comparing variability across test at one time point and using repeated ecological momentary assessment.Neuropsychology · 2026Article
- Global and domain-specific cognitive intraindividual variability associations with neurodegenerative diagnoses and postmortem pathologies.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- Dispersion-based cognitive intra-individual variability in former American football players: Association with traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, repetitive head impacts, and biomarkers.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2025Article
- The role of 7-dehydrocholesterol in inducing ER stress and apoptosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Cancer letters · 2025Article
- Cognitive variation reflects amyloid, tau, and neurodegenerative biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease.GeroScience · 2025Article
- Characterizing Cognitive Dispersion and Its Correlates Across the Adult Lifespan in MIDUS.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025Article
- Examining the Stability and Predictive Utility of Across- and Within-Domain Intra-Individual Variability in Mild Cognitive Impairment.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2025Article
- Development and Validity of Norms for Cognitive Dispersion on the Uniform Data Set 3.0 Neuropsychological Battery.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2024Article
- The selfish network: how the brain preserves behavioral function through shifts in neuronal network state.Trends in neurosciences · 2024Review
- Ecological validity of cognitive fluctuations in dementia with Lewy bodies.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2024Article
- Intraindividual Cognitive Variability and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Aging American Indians: Data from the Strong Heart Study.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Article
- Capturing Cognitive Aging in Vivo: Application of a Neuropsychological Framework for Emerging Digital Tools.JMIR aging · 2022Article
- Comparing statistical methods in assessing the prognostic effect of biomarker variability on time-to-event clinical outcomes.BMC medical research methodology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers are emerging as critically important for disease detection and monitoring. Most biomarkers are obtained through invasive, resource-intense procedures. A cognitive marker, intra-individual cognitive variability (IICV) may provide an alternative or adjunct marker of disease risk for individuals unable or disinclined to undergo lumbar puncture.
objectiveTo contrast risk of incident AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) associated with IICV to risk associated with well-established biomarkers: cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) phosphorylated tau protein (p-tau181) and amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42) peptide.
methodsDispersion in cognitive performance, IICV, was estimated with a published algorithm, and included Trail Making Test A and B, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), and the American National Adult Reading Test (ANART). CSF biomarkers were expressed as a ratio: p-tau181/Aβ42, wherein high values signified pathognomonic profiles. Logistic regression models included longitudinal data from 349 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants who completed lumbar puncture. All subjects were cognitively healthy (n = 105) or diagnosed with MCI (n = 244) at baseline. We examined odds of conversion associated with baseline elevations in IICV and/or ratio of CSF p-tau181/Aβ42.
resultsWhen included in models alone or in combination with CSF p-tau181/Aβ42, one standard IICV unit higher was associated with an estimated odds ratio for incident AD or MCI of 2.81 (95% CI: 1.83-4.33) in the most inclusive sample, and an odds ratio of 3.41 (95% CI: 2.03-5.73) when restricted to participants with MCI. Iterative analyses suggested that IICV independently improved model fit even when individual index components were included in comparative models.
conclusionsThese analyses provide preliminary support for IICV as a marker of incident AD and MCI. This easily-disseminated, non-invasive marker compared favorably to well-established CSF biomarkers.
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Registered trials
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