ReviewNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2018
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: a comprehensive review.
Review in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 200 citations in OpenAlex.
- The burden of illness in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: a systematic literature review.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Management of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome with deep brain stimulation: A systematic literature review.Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of medical cannabinoids in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- A Pharmacological Perspective on Plant-derived Bioactive Molecules for Epilepsy.Neurochemical research · 2021Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of corpus callosotomy and ketogenic diet in children with Lennox Gastaut syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2021Pooled it
- Anti-seizure medications for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Treatment Guidelines for Rare, Early-Onset, Treatment-Resistant Epileptic Conditions: A Literature Review on Dravet Syndrome, Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome and CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Atonic seizures in children: a meta-analysis comparing corpus callosotomy to vagus nerve stimulation.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2021Pooled it
- A phase 3, randomized clinical trial of soticlestat as adjunctive therapy for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.Epilepsia · 2026Trial
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- Trial
- Potential Role of CYP3A4 in Determining In Vivo Exposure to Cannabidiol (CBD) and its Active Metabolite 7-OH-CBD: Evidence from an In Vitro Study.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2026Article
- Astrocytes in Genetic Epilepsies: Supporting Actor or Key Player?Journal of neuroscience research · 2026Review
- Clinical Advances in Child Neurology.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Genetic-Epigenetic Interplay in Epilepsy: Pathways, Biomarkers, and Epigenome-Targeted Therapies.Epigenomes · 2026Review
- EEG functional connectivity as a marker of evolution from infantile epileptic spasms syndrome to Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.Epilepsia · 2026Article
- Lennox-Gastaut syndrome unveiled: Advancing diagnosis, therapies, and advocacy-insights from the Genoa International Workshop.Epilepsia · 2026Review
- Unraveling Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Precision Diagnosis and Targeted Therapy Evolving Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Structure-Activity Relationship Study on Soticlestat Derivatives for the Discovery of CYP46A1 (CH24H) Inhibitors.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The potential of laminar functional MRI in refining the understanding of epilepsy in humans.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Review
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is considered an epileptic encephalopathy and is defined by a triad of multiple drug-resistant seizure types, a specific EEG pattern showing bursts of slow spike-wave complexes or generalized paroxysmal fast activity, and intellectual disability. The prevalence of LGS is estimated between 1 and 2% of all patients with epilepsy. The etiology of LGS is often divided into two groups: identifiable (genetic-structural-metabolic) in 65 to 75% of the patients and LGS of unknown cause in others. Lennox-Gastaut syndrome may be considered as secondary network epilepsy. The seizures in LGS are usually drug-resistant, and complete seizure control with resolution of intellectual and psychosocial dysfunction is often not achievable. Reduction in frequency of the most incapacitating seizures (e.g., drop attacks and tonic-clonic seizures) should be the major objective. Valproate, lamotrigine, and topiramate are considered to be the first-line drugs by many experts. Other effective antiepileptic drugs include levetiracetam, clobazam, rufinamide, and zonisamide. The ketogenic diet is an effective and well-tolerated treatment option. For patients with drug resistance, a further therapeutic option is surgical intervention. Corpus callosotomy is a palliative surgical procedure that aims at controlling the most injurious seizures. Finally, vagus nerve stimulation offers reasonable seizure improvement. The long-term outcome for patients with LGS is generally poor. This syndrome is often associated with long-term adverse effects on intellectual development, social functioning, and independent living.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.