ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2018
The relationship between financial difficulty and childhood symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a UK longitudinal cohort study.
Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Accumulation and sensitive period effects for childhood abuse and financial hardship on depressive symptoms in late adolescence.Journal of mood and anxiety disorders · 2026Article
- "The Way the System is Working Out, It's Not Working at All": Parent Perspectives on Social Determinants of Health and ADHD Symptoms in Preschoolers.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
- Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Psychiatric Traits and Diagnoses within a Community-based Sample of Children and Youth: Disparités raciales/ethniques dans les traits et diagnostics psychiatriques au sein d'un échantillon communautaire d'enfants et de jeunes.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2024Article
- Atopic dermatitis, cognitive function and psychiatric comorbidities across early childhood and adolescence in a population-based UK birth cohort.The British journal of dermatology · 2024Article
- Article
- Longitudinal Invariance of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Across Ages 4 to 16 in the ALSPAC Sample.Assessment · 2023Article
- Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnoses and prescriptions in UK primary care, 2000-2018: population-based cohort study.BJPsych open · 2023Article
- The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of families dealing with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.PloS one · 2023Article
- Clustering of social disadvantage with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young adults: A register-based study in Sweden.Scandinavian journal of psychology · 2022Article
- Agreement between patients and mental healthcare providers on unmet care needs in child and adolescent psychiatry.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2021Article
- Clinical characteristics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: association with quality of life and behavioral aspects.Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo · 2021Observational
- Assessing the Impact of Changes in Household Socioeconomic Status on the Health of Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.Adolescent research review · 2021Review
- Cumulative social disadvantage and risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Results from a nationwide cohort study.SSM - population health · 2020Article
- Regional analysis of UK primary care prescribing and adult service referrals for young people with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.BJPsych open · 2020Article
- Unmet care needs of children with ADHD.PloS one · 2020Article
- Barriers and predictors of medication use for childhood ADHD: findings from a UK population-representative cohort.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2019Article
- Parental socioeconomic position and risk of ADHD in offspring: a cohort study of 9648 individuals in Denmark 1976-2013.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2019Article
- Family Income at Birth and Risk of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder at Age 15: Racial Differences.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
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3 authors.
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Abstract
purposeAttention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with socioeconomic status (SES), in that children who grow up in low SES families are at an increased risk of ADHD symptoms and diagnosis. The current study explores whether different levels of ADHD symptoms are associated with prior changes in the SES facet of financial difficulty.
methodsUsing the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), we examined symptoms of ADHD measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) hyperactivity subscale in relation to parent-reported changes in financial difficulty, grouped into four repeated measures at four time points across childhood; (n = 6416). A multilevel mixed-effects linear regression model with an unstructured covariance matrix was used to test whether different patterns of financial difficulty were associated with subsequent changes in ADHD symptoms.
resultsFamilies who had no financial difficulty had children with a lower average ADHD symptom score than groups who experienced financial difficulty. Children whose families stayed in financial difficulty had higher mean ADHD symptom scores than all other groups (No difficulty mean SDQ hyperactivity 3.14, 95% CI 3.07, 3.21, In difficulty mean SDQ hyperactivity 3.39, 95% CI 3.28, 3.45, p < 0.001). Increasing or decreasing financial difficulty predicted mean symptom scores lower than those of the in difficulty group and higher than the no difficulty group.
conclusionsOur findings contribute to the building evidence that SES may influence the severity and/or impairment associated with the symptoms of ADHD, however the effects of SES are small and have limited clinical significance.
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