ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2018
Homelessness as a predictor of mortality: an 11-year register-based cohort study.
Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mortality in people experiencing homelessness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Individual-Level Predictors for Becoming Homeless and Exiting Homelessness: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Assessing the Role of Chronic Stress in Aging Among Individuals Experiencing Homelessness: A Pilot Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Cross-sectional characterisation of housing and social service engagement prior to death among adults experiencing homelessness in Harris County, Texas, USA.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Out-of-home care placement, psychiatric disorders, and risk of homelessness: a population-based cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2025Article
- Improving Cross-Sector Collaborations between Healthcare and Housing: Challenges and Strategies Identified by Unhoused People with Complex Health Needs.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2025Article
- Participant Needs, Service Utilization, and Costs in a Medicaid Housing Pilot Program.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Article
- Disparities in healthcare costs of people experiencing homelessness in Toronto, Canada in the post COVID-19 pandemic era: a matched cohort study.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Excess mortality among people in homelessness with substance use disorders: a Swedish cohort study.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2024Article
- Using Photovoice to Explore Determinants of Health among Homeless and Unstably Housed Women.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Describing the characteristics and symptom profile of a group of urban patients experiencing socioeconomic inequity and receiving palliative care: a descriptive exploratory analysis.Palliative care and social practice · 2024Article
- Disparities in all-cause mortality among people experiencing homelessness in Toronto, Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Homelessness and associated factors over a 13-year period among psychiatric in-patients in Berlin, Germany: routine data analysis.BJPsych open · 2023Article
- Mortality among people who have experienced homelessness: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2023Article
- The Health Needs of Regionally Based Individuals Who Experience Homelessness: Perspectives of Service Providers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- An Exploration of Spiritual Well-being Among Homeless People: A Hierarchical Regression Analysis.Journal of religion and health · 2022Article
- A retrospective analysis of the health and social situation of homeless people in Berlin: study protocol.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2021Article
- Met and unmet needs of homeless individuals at different stages of housing reintegration: A mixed-method investigation.PloS one · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the association between homelessness and psychiatric disorders, including substance use disorders, on one hand, and cause-specific and all-cause mortality on the other in a high-income country.
methodsA historical nationwide register-based cohort study of the Danish population from 15 years of age between 2000 and 2011 was conducted. The association between homelessness, psychiatric disorders, and mortality was analysed by Poisson Regression adjusting for important confounders. Standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated for people with a history of homelessness compared with the general population using direct age-standardisation.
resultsDuring 51,892,324 person-years of observation, 656,448 died. People with at least one homeless shelter contact accounted for 173,592 person-years with 4345 deaths. The excess mortality in the population experiencing homelessness compared with the general population was reduced by 50% after adjusting for psychiatric diagnoses, including substance use disorders (mortality rate ratio (MRR) for men 3.30, 95% CI 3.18-3.41; women 4.41, 95% CI 4.14-4.71). Full adjustment including physical comorbidity and socioeconomic factors in a sub-cohort aged 15-29 years resulted in an MRR of 3.94 (95% CI 3.10-5.02) compared with the general population. The excess mortality associated with homelessness differed according to psychiatric diagnosis, sex, and cause of death.
conclusionsA mental health or a substance use disorder combined with homelessness considerably increases the risk of death. However, homelessness is also independently associated with high mortality. Differences in the association between homelessness and mortality in men and women suggest the need for sex-tailored interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.