ReviewBlood2018
CTLA-4: a moving target in immunotherapy.
Review in Blood, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 757 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
757 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Umbrella Systematic Review of the Efficacy and Safety of PD-1 Inhibitors Combined with CTLA-4 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Melanoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Fasting-mimicking diets as a strategy to reprogram tumor metabolism: a systematic review.European journal of nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors-associated acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence, kidney recovery, and recurrent risk.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Pooled it
- A prospective clinical trial of GVHD prophylaxis with posttransplant cyclophosphamide and abatacept.Blood advances · 2025Trial
- A Single-Arm Phase 2 Trial of Doxorubicin Plus Zalifrelimab (Anti-CTLA-4 Antibody) and Balstilimab (Anti-PD-1 Antibody) in Advanced/Metastatic Soft Tissue Sarcomas.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Trial
- Intratumoral delivery of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors for recurrent/refractory solid tumors: a proof-of-concept treatment strategy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Clinical Impact of CTLA4 and LAG3 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Multiple Myeloma Patients Treated With BCMA CAR T-Cell Therapy.Hematological oncology · 2026Article
- Type 3 Autoimmune Pancreatitis: What Do We Know So Far?Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Review
- Trogocytosis: Emerging insights into cellular communication, immunity, and pathogenesis.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Model Predicts Enhanced Antitumor Efficacy of Combined Cytotoxic T‑Lymphocyte-Associated Protein 4 (CTLA-4) and Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1) Blockade in a Syngeneic Mouse Model of Breast Cancer.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Article
- Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment Network to Overcome Immunotherapy Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Mechanisms to Clinical Translation.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Targeting the Epigenetic-Immune Axis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Current Advances and Future Directions.Current oncology reports · 2026Review
- Article
- NF-κB-driven immune checkpoint knockdown and cytokine expression in cancer cells for tumor immunotherapy.iScience · 2026Article
- Unlocking the clock: a systematic review and meta-analysis on optimizing immune checkpoint inhibitor timing for advanced solid tumors.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Anti-CTLA-4 antibody potentiates the antitumor effect of armed oncolytic virus OVM18 via enhancing intratumoral IL-18R1Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Targeting KRAS reprograms a Treg-dominant immunosuppressive microenvironment and sensitizes KRAS-mutant gastric adenocarcinoma to CTLA-4 immunotherapy.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoints and immunoregulation in metabolic diseases and cancers: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation confirm COL6A3 as a promising target for renal cell carcinoma therapy.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- Autoimmune disease patients with comorbid cancer exhibit prominent immunometabolic crosstalk.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
697 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
CD28 and CTLA-4 are members of a family of immunoglobulin-related receptors that are responsible for various aspects of T-cell immune regulation. The family includes CD28, CTLA-4, and ICOS as well as other proteins, including PD-1, BTLA, and TIGIT. These receptors have both stimulatory (CD28, ICOS) and inhibitory roles (CTLA-4, PD-1,
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.