Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29117991›Full record

ArticleCMAJ open2017

Availability of naloxone in Canadian pharmacies:a population-based survey.

Alex M Cressman, Graham Mazereeuw, Qi Guan, Wenting Jia, Tara Gomes, David N Juurlink

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In one paragraph

Article in CMAJ open, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Frequently asked questions about naloxone: Part 1.Canadian pharmacists journal : CPJ = Revue des pharmaciens du Canada : RPC
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Alex M CressmanAffiliations: Departments of Internal Medicine (Cressman) and Undergraduate Medical Education (Mazereeuw), Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Guan), Dalla Lana School of Public Health; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (Jia, Gomes), University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital (Gomes); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Gomes, Juurlink); Sunnybrook Research Institute (Juurlink), Toronto, Ont.
Graham MazereeuwAffiliations: Departments of Internal Medicine (Cressman) and Undergraduate Medical Education (Mazereeuw), Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Guan), Dalla Lana School of Public Health; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (Jia, Gomes), University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital (Gomes); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Gomes, Juurlink); Sunnybrook Research Institute (Juurlink), Toronto, Ont.
Qi GuanAffiliations: Departments of Internal Medicine (Cressman) and Undergraduate Medical Education (Mazereeuw), Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Guan), Dalla Lana School of Public Health; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (Jia, Gomes), University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital (Gomes); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Gomes, Juurlink); Sunnybrook Research Institute (Juurlink), Toronto, Ont.
Wenting JiaAffiliations: Departments of Internal Medicine (Cressman) and Undergraduate Medical Education (Mazereeuw), Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Guan), Dalla Lana School of Public Health; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (Jia, Gomes), University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital (Gomes); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Gomes, Juurlink); Sunnybrook Research Institute (Juurlink), Toronto, Ont.
Tara GomesAffiliations: Departments of Internal Medicine (Cressman) and Undergraduate Medical Education (Mazereeuw), Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Guan), Dalla Lana School of Public Health; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (Jia, Gomes), University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital (Gomes); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Gomes, Juurlink); Sunnybrook Research Institute (Juurlink), Toronto, Ont.
David N JuurlinkAffiliations: Departments of Internal Medicine (Cressman) and Undergraduate Medical Education (Mazereeuw), Faculty of Medicine; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (Guan), Dalla Lana School of Public Health; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (Jia, Gomes), University of Toronto; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital (Gomes); Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Gomes, Juurlink); Sunnybrook Research Institute (Juurlink), Toronto, Ont.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNaloxone is life-saving when administered after opioid overdose. In March 2016, the Canadian government made the antidote available without prescription, but anecdotal reports suggest members of the public have difficulty in procuring it. We examined the availability of naloxone in community pharmacies across Canada.

methodsWe identified community pharmacies in Canada (

resultsWe contacted 429 community pharmacies. Of these, 103 (24.0%) had naloxone available. Availability was highest in British Columbia (33 of 65; 50.8%), followed by the Maritimes (12 of 35; 34.3%), Ontario (52 of 193; 26.9%) and central and northern Canada (5 of 21; 23.8%). In Quebec, 1 of 115 (0.9%) pharmacies had naloxone available. Of pharmacies without naloxone, fewer than 1 in 5 anticipated being able to provide it within 1 week (63 of 326; 19.3%).

interpretationMost community pharmacies in Canada did not have naloxone on hand and in those without naloxone available, fewer than 1 in 5 anticipated being able to provide it within 1 week. Our findings emphasize the need for increased availability of naloxone in pharmacies across Canada.

Identifiers

PMID29117991
PMCPMC5741422

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.