SynthesisJournal of the National Cancer Institute2017
Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors (PDE5Is) and Risk of Melanoma.
Synthesis in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pharmacological mechanism and therapeutic efficacy of Icariside II in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and network pharmacological analysis.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2022Pooled it
- Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors use and risk of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of colorectal disease · 2021Pooled it
- Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- A highly accurate risk factor-based XGBoost multiethnic model for identifying patients with skin cancer.Nature communications · 2025Article
- New Approaches in Oncology for Repositioning Drugs: The Case of PDE5 Inhibitor Sildenafil.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Icariside II, a PDE5 Inhibitor, Suppresses Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion-Induced Primary Hippocampal Neuronal Death Through Activating the PKG/CREB/BDNF/TrkB Signaling Pathway.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Article
- The enduring promise of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for colon cancer prevention.Translational gastroenterology and hepatology · 2019Article
- Repurposing drugs in oncology (ReDO)-selective PDE5 inhibitors as anti-cancer agents.Ecancermedicalscience · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The US Food and Drug Administration recently announced the need to evaluate the association between PDE5is and melanoma. We performed a meta-analysis on the association between PDE5i and melanoma using random effects models and examined whether it met Hill's criteria for causality. A systematic search of Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from 1998 to 2016 identified three case-control studies and two cohort studies, including a total of 866 049 men, of whom 41 874 were diagnosed with melanoma. We found a summary estimate indicating an increased risk of melanoma in PDE5i users (relative risk = 1.11, 95% confidence interval = 1.02 to 1.22). However, the association was only statistically significant among men with low PDE5i exposure (not high exposure) and with low-stage melanoma (not high stage), indicating a lack of dose response and biological gradient. PDE5i use was also associated with basal cell cancer, suggesting a lack of specificity and likely confounding by ultraviolet exposure. Thus, although this meta-analysis found a statistically significant association between PDE5i and melanoma, it did not satisfy Hill's criteria for causality.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.