SynthesisClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2017
Maternal Colonization With Group B Streptococcus and Serotype Distribution Worldwide: Systematic Review and Meta-analyses.
Synthesis in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04059510 (opTImisation of Methods for a Human INfection Model for Group B Streptococcus), which is not on this map. Cited by 298 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
opTImisation of Methods for a Human INfection Model for Group B Streptococcus
Who cites it
298 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 534 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Group B Streptococcus Rectovaginal Colonization Rates and Serotype Distribution among Pregnant Women, Asia-Pacific Region, 2014-2025.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Rapid tests for detecting group B streptococcus colonization in pregnant women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence of Group BMedical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Maternal body mass index and the risk of early-onset Group B Streptococcus disease in newborns: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2026Pooled it
- Association between maternal rectovaginal group B streptococcus and the risk of stillbirth: a meta-analysis.PeerJ · 2025Pooled it
- Gestational diabetes as a risk factor for GBS maternal rectovaginal colonization: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Pooled it
- Self-collection of samples for group B streptococcus testing during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Molecular epidemiology ofMicrobial genomics · 2023Pooled it
- Maternal colonization with group B Streptococcus and antibiotic resistance in China: systematic review and meta-analyses.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2023Pooled it
- Clinical Risk Factors Associated With Late-Onset Invasive Group B Streptococcal Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Pooled it
- Group B streptococcus infection during pregnancy and infancy: estimates of regional and global burden.The Lancet. Global health · 2022Pooled it
- Probiotic interventions to reduce antepartum Group B streptococcus colonization: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Midwifery · 2022Pooled it
- Maternal 6-valent group B Streptococcus vaccine in non-pregnant and pregnant females: a randomized phase 1/2 trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- A Phase 2b Trial Evaluating the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of a 6-Valent Group B Streptococcus Vaccine Administered Concomitantly With Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine in Healthy Nonpregnant Female Individuals.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Performance evaluation of clinical diagnostic kits for Group BMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Time to rethink prevention of neonatal group B streptococcal disease.Seminars in immunopathology · 2026Review
- Article
- Prevalence, Serotype Distribution, and Antimicrobial Resistance ofJournal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Report from the inaugural 2025 Asia-UK Maternal-Neonatal Infection and Immunity Network (AMMuNet) symposium.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Rotavirus mucosal immunology: insights and research priorities from an international convening in Liverpool, March 2024.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
238 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors at 15 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMaternal rectovaginal colonization with group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the most common pathway for GBS disease in mother, fetus, and newborn. This article, the second in a series estimating the burden of GBS, aims to determine the prevalence and serotype distribution of GBS colonizing pregnant women worldwide.
methodsWe conducted systematic literature reviews (PubMed/Medline, Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature [LILACS], World Health Organization Library Information System [WHOLIS], and Scopus), organized Chinese language searches, and sought unpublished data from investigator groups. We applied broad inclusion criteria to maximize data inputs, particularly from low- and middle-income contexts, and then applied new meta-analyses to adjust for studies with less-sensitive sampling and laboratory techniques. We undertook meta-analyses to derive pooled estimates of maternal GBS colonization prevalence at national and regional levels.
resultsThe dataset regarding colonization included 390 articles, 85 countries, and a total of 299924 pregnant women. Our adjusted estimate for maternal GBS colonization worldwide was 18% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17%-19%), with regional variation (11%-35%), and lower prevalence in Southern Asia (12.5% [95% CI, 10%-15%]) and Eastern Asia (11% [95% CI, 10%-12%]). Bacterial serotypes I-V account for 98% of identified colonizing GBS isolates worldwide. Serotype III, associated with invasive disease, accounts for 25% (95% CI, 23%-28%), but is less frequent in some South American and Asian countries. Serotypes VI-IX are more common in Asia.
conclusionsGBS colonizes pregnant women worldwide, but prevalence and serotype distribution vary, even after adjusting for laboratory methods. Lower GBS maternal colonization prevalence, with less serotype III, may help to explain lower GBS disease incidence in regions such as Asia. High prevalence worldwide, and more serotype data, are relevant to prevention efforts.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.