Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29117326›Full record

SynthesisClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2017

Infant Group B Streptococcal Disease Incidence and Serotypes Worldwide: Systematic Review and Meta-analyses.

Lola Madrid, Anna C Seale, Maya Kohli-Lynch, Karen M Edmond, Joy E Lawn, Paul T Heath, Shabir A Madhi, Carol J Baker, Linda Bartlett, Clare Cutland and 9 more

Open access · hybridAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 257 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
257citing papers in PubMed, 11 pooled it
32.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

257 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 443 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Rapid tests for detecting group B streptococcus colonization in pregnant women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026
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  4. Prevalence of Group BMedical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
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197 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors at 15 institutions in 10 countries.

Lola MadridISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research, Hospital Clinic-University of Barcelona, Spain.
Anna C SealeMaternal, Adolescent, Reproductive and Child Health Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom.
Maya Kohli-LynchMaternal, Adolescent, Reproductive and Child Health Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom.
Karen M EdmondUnited Nations Children's Fund, Afghanistan.
Joy E LawnMaternal, Adolescent, Reproductive and Child Health Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom.
Paul T HeathVaccine Institute, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London and St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom.
Shabir A MadhiMedical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, and Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences.
Carol J BakerDepartments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
Linda BartlettDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
Clare CutlandMedical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, and Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences.
Michael G GravettGlobal Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth, Seattle, Washington.
Margaret IpDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Kirsty Le DoareVaccine Institute, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London and St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom.
Craig E RubensGlobal Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth, Seattle, Washington.
Samir K SahaBangladesh Institute of Child Health, Dhaka.
Ajoke Sobanjo-Ter MeulenBill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington.
Johan VekemansWorld Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Stephanie SchragNational Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Infant GBS Disease Investigator Group
St George's, University of London · GBLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine · GBUniversity of Washington · USBaylor College of Medicine · USCenters for Disease Control and Prevention · USChild Health Research Foundation · BDChinese University of Hong Kong · HKGates Foundation · USHaramaya University · ETJohns Hopkins University · USNational Health Laboratory Service · ZAUniversity of Bristol · GBUniversity of the Witwatersrand · ZAWorld Health Organization · CHWorld Health Organization - Afghanistan · AF

Funding

Wellcome Trust 205184/Z/16/ZWorld Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGroup B Streptococcus (GBS) remains a leading cause of neonatal sepsis in high-income contexts, despite declines due to intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP). Recent evidence suggests higher incidence in Africa, where IAP is rare. We investigated the global incidence of infant invasive GBS disease and the associated serotypes, updating previous estimates.

methodsWe conducted systematic literature reviews (PubMed/Medline, Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature [LILACS], World Health Organization Library Information System [WHOLIS], and Scopus) and sought unpublished data regarding invasive GBS disease in infants aged 0-89 days. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses of incidence, case fatality risk (CFR), and serotype prevalence.

resultsWe identified 135 studies with data on incidence (n = 90), CFR (n = 64), or serotype (n = 45). The pooled incidence of invasive GBS disease in infants was 0.49 per 1000 live births (95% confidence interval [CI], .43-.56), and was highest in Africa (1.12) and lowest in Asia (0.30). Early-onset disease incidence was 0.41 (95% CI, .36-.47); late-onset disease incidence was 0.26 (95% CI, .21-.30). CFR was 8.4% (95% CI, 6.6%-10.2%). Serotype III (61.5%) dominated, with 97% of cases caused by serotypes Ia, Ib, II, III, and V.

conclusionsThe incidence of infant GBS disease remains high in some regions, particularly Africa. We likely underestimated incidence in some contexts, due to limitations in case ascertainment and specimen collection and processing. Burden in Asia requires further investigation.

Indexed as

Streptococcus agalactiaeGlobal HealthHumansIncidenceInfant, NewbornInfant, Newborn, DiseasesRisk FactorsSerogroupStreptococcal Infectionscase fatality riskearly onsetestimategroup B Streptococcuslate onset

Identifiers

PMID29117326
PMCPMC5850457
OpenAlexW2777601894

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.