ArticlePloS one2017
The impact of cannabis use on patients enrolled in opioid agonist therapy in Ontario, Canada.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Cannabinoid exposure across substance use disorders: Short-term symptom benefits without sustained therapeutic gains in a tier-weighted systematic review.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026Pooled it
- Cannabis use and beliefs among people in recovery from substance use disorders.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Article
- Clinicians' Perspectives on Cannabis Use and Cannabis Treatment in Clients Undertaking Opioid Dependence Treatment.Drug and alcohol review · 2025Article
- Perspectives regarding cannabis use: Results from a qualitative study of individuals engaged in substance use treatment in Georgia and Connecticut.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2024Article
- Canadian Addiction Treatment Centre (CATC) opioid agonist treatment cohort in Ontario, Canada.BMJ open · 2024Article
- The Impact of Longitudinal Substance Use Patterns on the Risk of Opioid Agonist Therapy Discontinuation: A Repeated Measures Latent Class Analysis.International journal of mental health and addiction · 2024Article
- The Cannabis-Dependent Relationship Between Methadone Treatment Dose and Illicit Opioid Use in a Community-Based Cohort of People Who Use Drugs.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2023Article
- Article
- Measuring treatment attrition at various stages of engagement in Opioid Agonist Treatment in Ontario Canada using a cascade of care framework.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- The prevalence and pattern of cannabis use among patients attending a methadone treatment clinic in Nairobi, Kenya.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2022Article
- Article
- Predictors of Retention and Drug Use Among Patients With Opioid Use Disorder Transferred to a Specialty "Second Chance" Methadone Program.Substance abuse : research and treatment · 2022Article
- Association of cannabis and/or opioid with quality of life and healthcare utilization in patients with chronic pain.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Opioid use in medical cannabis authorization adult patients from 2013 to 2018: Alberta, Canada.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Negative Impact of Amphetamine-Type Stimulant Use on Opioid Agonist Treatment Retention in Ontario, Canada.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Improving Parenting Practices Among Fathers Who Misuse Opioids: Fathering Through Change Intervention.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Review
- The impact of naturalistic cannabis use on self-reported opioid withdrawal.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2020Article
- Review: Sex-Based Differences in Treatment Outcomes for Persons With Opioid Use Disorder.The American journal on addictions · 2019Review
- High-intensity cannabis use is associated with retention in opioid agonist treatment: a longitudinal analysis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2018Article
- Commentary on Socias et al. (2018): Clinical research perspectives on cannabis use in opioid agonist treatment.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWith the Canadian government legalizing cannabis in the year 2018, the potential harms to certain populations-including those with opioid use disorder-must be investigated. Cannabis is one of the most commonly used substances by patients who are engaged in medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder, the effects of which are largely unknown. In this study, we examine the impact of baseline and ongoing cannabis use, and whether these are impacted differentially by gender.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using anonymized electronic medical records from 58 clinics offering opioid agonist therapy in Ontario, Canada. One-year treatment retention was the primary outcome of interest and was measured for patients who did and did not have a cannabis positive urine sample in their first month of treatment, and as a function of the proportion of cannabis-positive urine samples throughout treatment.
resultsOur cohort consisted of 644 patients, 328 of which were considered baseline cannabis users and 256 considered heavy users. Patients with baseline cannabis use and heavy cannabis use were at increased risk of dropout (38.9% and 48.1%, respectively). When evaluating these trends by gender, only female baseline users and male heavy users are at increased risk of premature dropout.
interpretationBoth baseline and heavy cannabis use are predictive of decreased treatment retention, and differences do exist between genders. With cannabis being legalized in the near future, physicians should closely monitor cannabis-using patients and provide education surrounding the potential harms of using cannabis while receiving treatment for opioid use disorder.
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