ArticleScientific reports2017
Injection of high dose botulinum-toxin A leads to impaired skeletal muscle function and damage of the fibrilar and non-fibrilar structures.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin type A for shoulder pain: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Pooled it
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- Intramuscular neural distribution of the vastus lateralis informs effective and safe botulinum neurotoxin injection.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Electrical or magnetic nerve stimulation enhance the BoNT/A-mediated muscle paralysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Pro-Inflammatory Signaling in Dermal Fibroblasts: A Possible Role of Different Botulinum Toxin Formulations on IL-6 Expression.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2026Article
- Intramuscular neural distribution of the soleus for botulinum neurotoxin injection: application to spasticity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Role of IL-16 in age-related skeletal muscle atrophy: an integrated study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Observational
- Pioneering pain management with botulinum toxin type A: From anti-inflammation to regenerative therapies.Heliyon · 2025Review
- Histopathological changes of the buccal mucosa and skin after botulinum neurotoxin intramuscular injection in rats (immunohistochemical study).BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Intramuscular neural distribution of the vastus medialis for botulinum neurotoxin injection: application to spasticity.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2024Article
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- Trends in prescription and cost of Sativex, a cannabinoid-based medicine, in treating patients with multiple sclerosis in England.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2024Article
- Botulinum neurotoxin injection for treating plunged nose and post-rhinoplasty: anatomical perspectives of depressor septi nasi, nasalis, leveator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle.Anatomy & cell biology · 2023Review
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Botulinum-toxin A (BoNT/A) is used for a wide range of conditions. Intramuscular administration of BoNT/A inhibits the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction from presynaptic motor neurons causing muscle-paralysis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high dose intramuscular BoNT/A injections (6 UI = 60 pg) on muscle tissue. The gait pattern of the rats was significantly affected 3 weeks after BoNT/A injection. The ankle joint rotated externally, the rats became flat footed, and the stride length decreased after BoNT/A injection. Additionally, there was clear evidence of microstructural changes on the tissue level by as evidenced by 3D imaging of the muscles by Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Tomographic Microscopy (SRXTM). Both the fibrillar and the non-fibrillar tissues were affected. The volume fraction of fibrillary tissue was reduced significantly and the non-fibrillar tissue increased. This was accompanied by a loss of the linear structure of the muscle tissue. Furthermore, gene expression analysis showed a significant upregulation of COL1A1, MMP-2, TGF-b1, IL-6, MHCIIA and MHCIIx in the BoNT/A injected leg, while MHVIIB was significantly downregulated. IN
conclusionThe present study reveals that high dose intramuscular BoNT/A injections cause microstructural damage of the muscle tissue, which contributes to impaired gait.
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