ArticleScientific reports2017
Plasmodium falciparum parasites with histidine-rich protein 2 (pfhrp2) and pfhrp3 gene deletions in two endemic regions of Kenya.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 163 citations in OpenAlex.
- Performance of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria diagnosis in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Malaria journal · 2025Pooled it
- Diagnostic role of Sysmex hematology analyzer in the detection of malaria: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 and 3 genes deletion in global settings (2010-2021): a systematic review and meta-analysis.Malaria journal · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of Plasmodium falciparum pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions on malaria control worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Malaria journal · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence ofBulletin of the World Health Organization · 2020Pooled it
- Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum field isolates with deletions in histidine-rich protein 2 and 3 genes in context with sub-Saharan Africa and India: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Malaria journal · 2020Pooled it
- Impact of Intermittent Mass Testing and Treatment on Incidence of Malaria Infection in a High Transmission Area of Western Kenya.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Trial
- Short report: surveillance of hrp2/hrp3 deletions in Plasmodium falciparum within Haiti, 2021-2023, using RDTs.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Absence of false negative RDT results due to pfhrp2 deletion among symptomatic malaria infections in Kenya: findings from the 2022 Kenya national longitudinal surveillance of pfhrp2/3 deletions.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Article
- Malaria control and the unexpected spread of diagnostic-resistantbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Local variability inMalariaWorld journal · 2026Article
- Spatial and genetic dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein2 in sub-Saharan Africa.PloS one · 2026Article
- Low prevalence ofFrontiers in epidemiology · 2026Article
- Health system challenges and facilitators associated with adaptive cycling deployment of multiple first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria: a pilot study in a malaria-endemic region of Kenya.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Analysis of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions, and the structure and variability of PfHRP2 and PfHRP3 proteins: implications for the performance of malaria rapid diagnostic tests in Cubal, Angola.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Deletion of target gene (histidine-rich protein 2/3) for Plasmodium falciparum rapid diagnostic tests in Amhara region, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- The Diagnostic Performance of a Sysmex XN-31 Automated Malaria Analyzer vs. Expert Microscopy.International journal of laboratory hematology · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum parasites harbouring chloroquine-resistant but not artemisinin-resistant alleles in Busia County, Western Kenya.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Field evaluation of the Bioline Malaria Ag P.f/Pan rapid diagnostic test: causes of microscopy discordance and performance in Uganda.Malaria journal · 2025Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Deletions of the Plasmodium falciparum hrp2 and hrp3 genes can affect the performance of HRP2-based malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Such deletions have been reported from South America, India and Eritrea. Whether these parasites are widespread in East Africa is unknown. A total of 274 samples from asymptomatic children in Mbita, western Kenya, and 61 genomic data from Kilifi, eastern Kenya, were available for analysis. PCR-confirmed samples were investigated for the presence of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 genes. In samples with evidence of deletion, parasite presence was confirmed by amplifying three independent genes. We failed to amplify pfhrp2 from 25 of 131 (19.1%) PCR-confirmed samples. Of these, only 8 (10%) samples were microscopic positive and were classified as pfhrp2-deleted. Eight microscopically-confirmed pfhrp2-deleted samples with intact pfhrp3 locus were positive by HRP2-based RDT. In addition, one PCR-confirmed infection showed a deletion at the pfhrp3 locus. One genomic sample lacked pfhrp2 and one lacked pfhrp3. No sample harbored parasites lacking both genes. Parasites lacking pfhrp2 are present in Kenya, but may be detectable by HRP-based RDT at higher parasitaemia, possibly due to the presence of intact pfhrp3. These findings warrant further systematic study to establish prevalence and diagnostic significance.
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