Evidence map›Paper›PMID 2911570›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1989

Rapid typing of tandemly repeated hypervariable loci by the polymerase chain reaction: application to the apolipoprotein B 3' hypervariable region.

E Boerwinkle, W J Xiong, E Fourest, L Chan

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1989. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00005214 (Epidemiology of Genetic Factors in Lipid Metabolism), which is not on this map. Cited by 105 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
105citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT00005214 completednot on this map

Epidemiology of Genetic Factors in Lipid Metabolism

TypeobservationalSponsorThe University of Texas Health Science Center, HoustonRan1988 to 1993ConditionsCardiovascular Diseases, Heart Diseases, Atherosclerosis
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

105 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Using Treosulfan-Based Conditioning for Treatment of Marrow Failure Disorders.Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation · 2017
    Trial
  2. Treosulfan-based conditioning and hematopoietic cell transplantation for nonmalignant diseases: a prospective multicenter trial.Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation · 2014
    Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Trial
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  7. Review
  8. HLA-Haploidentical Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Treatment of Nonmalignant Diseases Using Nonmyeloablative Conditioning and Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide.Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation · 2020
    Article
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  15. Article
  16. Prevalence of chimerism after non-myeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina · 2009
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Higher alleles of apolipoprotein B gene 3' VNTR: Risk for gallstone disease.Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB · 2008
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

E BoerwinkleCenter for Demographic and Population Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston 77225.
W J Xiong
E Fourest
L Chan

Funding

SPECIALIZED CENTER OF RESEARCH IN ARTERIOSCLEROSISP50HL027341 · NHLBI · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · 1985 to 1996
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THERMODYNAMICS OF LIPOPROTEIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONP60HL027341 · NHLBI · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI KNAPP, ROGER D · 1987 to 1991
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EPIDEMIOLOGY OF GENETIC FACTORS IN LIPID METABOLISMR29HL040613 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON · PI BOERWINKLE, ERIC A · 1988 to 1992
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NCRR NIH HHS RR-07148NHLBI NIH HHS HL-27341NHLBI NIH HHS HL-40613
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The 3' flanking region of the apolipoprotein B (apoB) gene contains a hypervariable region consisting of a variable number of tandemly repeated short A + T-rich DNA sequences (VNTRs). We present a general method that utilizes the polymerase chain reaction to rapidly and accurately type this and other VNTR loci. We use tailored oligonucleotides and thermostable Taq polymerase to amplify the targeted region. The amplification products are directly visualized after agarose gel electrophoresis. Twelve alleles were readily identified in a sample of 125 unrelated individuals. The alleles differ with respect to the length of the amplified gene region. This genetic variability is inherited in an autosomal codominant manner. DNA sequence data indicate that individual alleles differ in the number of repeat units and the sensitivity of the technique is such that alleles differing in length by only 32 base pairs are readily distinguishable. A system of nomenclature based on the number of repeat units is suggested; an allele containing 37 repeat units is designated 3' beta 37, one containing 35 units is 3' beta 35, and so on. The frequency distribution of the 12 apoB VNTR alleles is bimodal with peaks at 37 and 47 repeat units and a nadir near 43 repeat units. We estimate that the 3' apoB VNTR locus has a heterozygosity index of 0.75 and a polymorphic information content of 0.73. It is a highly informative marker for genetic linkage studies on chromosome 2 and clinical and epidemiological studies involving the apoB gene. The high sensitivity and inexpensive nature of this technique make it superior to traditional Southern blot analysis for typing the 3' apoB VNTR. The method described is also directly applicable for rapid typing of other VNTRs in the human genome.

Indexed as

GenesGenetic VariationAllelesApolipoproteins BBase SequenceDNADNA-Directed DNA PolymeraseFemaleHumansMaleMolecular Sequence DataPedigreeRepetitive Sequences, Nucleic AcidTaq PolymeraseApolipoproteins BDNADNA-Directed DNA PolymeraseTaq Polymerase

Identifiers

PMID2911570
PMCPMC286434

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.