ArticleInternational journal of oncology2018
Unfavorable effect of calcitriol and its low-calcemic analogs on metastasis of 4T1 mouse mammary gland cancer.
Article in International journal of oncology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Gut microbiota-driven pre-metastatic niche formation in colorectal cancer liver metastasis: mechanisms and translational significance.Gut pathogens · 2026Review
- Synergistic Anticancer Effects of Vitamin D and Plant-Derived Compounds: Molecular Mechanisms, Therapeutic Potential, and Nanotechnology-Enabled Delivery Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Metformin-Loaded Fusogenic Liposome Improves the Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety of Doxorubicin in a Breast Cancer Treatment.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Vitamins and minerals and their role in cancer: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Calcitriol and Tacalcitol Modulate Th17 Differentiation Through Osteopontin Receptors: Age-Dependent Insights from a Mouse Breast Cancer Model.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2025Article
- Vitamin DScientific reports · 2024Article
- Calcitriol promotes M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages in 4T1 mouse mammary gland cancer via the induction of proinflammatory cytokines.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Vitamin D and potential effects on cancers: a review.Molecular biology reports · 2024Review
- Article
- Chemotherapy-induced metastasis: molecular mechanisms and clinical therapies.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2023Review
- Modulation of Fibroblast Activity via Vitamin DCancers · 2022Article
- Vitamin D, Th17 Lymphocytes, and Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2022Review
- Consideration of possible effects of vitamin D on established cancer, with reference to malignant melanoma.Pigment cell & melanoma research · 2022Review
- Combinations of Calcitriol with Anticancer Treatments for Breast Cancer: An Update.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Anti-Tumor Effects of Ginsenoside 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Combination in Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer.Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Association of High Calcitriol Serum Levels and Its Hydroxylation Efficiency Ratio with Disease Risk in SLE Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency.Journal of immunology research · 2021Article
- Article
- Vitamin D Metabolite Profile in Cholecalciferol- or Calcitriol-Supplemented Healthy and Mammary Gland Tumor-Bearing Mice.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Differential Impact of Calcitriol and Its Analogs on Tumor Stroma in Young and Aged Ovariectomized Mice Bearing 4T1 Mammary Gland Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Low vitamin D status is considered as a risk factor for breast cancer and has prognostic significance. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency increases after adjuvant cancer therapy, which alters bone metabolism increasing the risk of osteoporosis. It is now postulated that vitamin D supplementation in breast cancer treatment delays the recurrence of cancer thereby extending survival. We evaluated the impact of calcitriol and its low-calcemic analogs, PRI‑2191 and PRI‑2205, on the tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis of 4T1 mouse mammary gland cancer. Gene expression analysis related to cancer invasion/metastasis, real‑time PCR, ELISA, western blotting, and histochemical studies were performed. In vitro studies were conducted to compare the effects of calcitriol and its analogs on 4T1 and 67NR cell proliferation and expression of selected proteins. Calcitriol and its analogs increased lung metastasis without influencing the growth of primary tumor. The levels of plasma 17β-estradiol and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) were found to be elevated after treatment. Moreover, the results showed that tumor blood perfusion improved and osteopontin (OPN) levels increased, whereas vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and TGFβ levels decreased in tumors from treated mice. All the studied treatments resulted in increased collagen content in the tumor tissue in the early step of tumor progression, and calcitriol caused an increase in collagen content in lung tissue. In addition, in vitro proliferation of 4T1 tumor cells was not found to be affected by calcitriol or its analogs in contrast to non-metastatic 67NR cells. Calcitriol and its analogs enhanced the metastatic potential of 4T1 mouse mammary gland cancer by inducing the secretion of OPN probably via host cells. In addition, OPN tumor overexpression prevailed over the decreasing tumor TGFβ level and blood vessel normalization via tumor VEGF deprivation induced by calcitriol and its analogs. Moreover, the increased plasma TGFβ and 17β-estradiol levels contributed to the facilitation of metastatic process.
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