ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2017
Fixational Saccades and Their Relation to Fixation Instability in Strabismic Monkeys.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Strabismus with and without Amblyopia from Fixation Eye Movements.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Amblyopia Severity Predicts Fixation Dysfunction Independent of Nystagmus and Foveation Disruption in Fusion Maldevelopment Nystagmus.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Visually Guided Saccades in Amblyopia and Strabismus: The Roles of Sensory Deficits and Nystagmus.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Differential Fixation and Eye Alignment Patterns in Strabismus with and Without Amblyopia Across Viewing Conditions.Journal of eye movement research · 2026Article
- Article
- Assessing inter-ocular fixational eye movements throughout the lifespan.Experimental brain research · 2024Article
- Retinal Ganglion Cell Content Underlying Standard Automated Perimetry Size I to V Visual Sensitivities in the Non-Human Primate Experimental Glaucoma Model.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Multifaceted Interactions of Stereoacuity, Inter-Ocular Suppression, and Fixation Eye Movement Abnormalities in Amblyopia and Strabismus.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Effect of Viewing Conditions on Fixation Eye Movements and Eye Alignment in Amblyopia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
- Fixation eye movement abnormalities and stereopsis recovery following strabismus repair.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Fixational eye movements abnormalities and rate of visual acuity and stereoacuity improvement with part time patching.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Longitudinal Development of Ocular Misalignment in Nonhuman Primate Models for Strabismus.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- Response Properties of Cells Within the Rostral Superior Colliculus of Strabismic Monkeys.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2019Article
- Article
- Fixational Eye Movement Waveforms in Amblyopia: Characteristics of Fast and Slow Eye Movements.Journal of eye movement research · 2019Article
- Fixation instability during binocular viewing in anisometropic and strabismic children.Experimental eye research · 2019Article
- Activity of near-response cells during disconjugate saccades in strabismic monkeys.Journal of neurophysiology · 2018Article
- A Multihead Attention Deep Learning Algorithm to Detect Amblyopia Using Fixation Eye Movements.Ophthalmology scienceArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the contribution of fixational saccades toward fixation instability in strabismic monkeys. Methods: Binocular eye movements were measured as six experimental monkeys (five strabismic monkeys and one monkey with downbeat nystagmus) and one normal monkey fixated targets of two shapes (Optotype, Disk) and two sizes (0.5°, 2°) during monocular and binocular viewing. Fixational saccades were detected using an unsupervised clustering algorithm. Results: When compared with the normal monkey, amplitude and frequency of fixational saccades in both the viewing and nonviewing eye were greater in 3 of 5 strabismic monkeys (1-way ANOVA on ranks P < 0.001; median amplitude in the normal monkey viewing eye: 0.33°; experimental animals: median amplitude range 0.20-0.82°; median frequency in the normal monkey: 1.35/s; experimental animals: median frequency range 1.3-3.7/s). Increase in frequency of fixational saccades was largely due to quick phases of ongoing nystagmus. Fixational saccade amplitude was increased significantly (3-way ANOVA; P < 0.001) but by small magnitude depending on target shape and size (mean difference between disk and optotype targets = 0.02°; mean difference between 2° and 0.5° targets = 0.1°). Relationship between saccade amplitude and the Bivariate Contour Ellipse Area (BCEA) was nonlinear, showing saturation of saccade amplitude. Fixation instability in depth was significantly greater in strabismic monkeys (vergence BCEA: 0.63 deg2-2.15 deg2) compared with the normal animal (vergence BCEA: 0.15 deg2; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Increased fixational instability in strabismic monkeys is only partially due to increased amplitude and more frequent fixational saccades. Target parameter effects on fixational saccades are similar to previous findings of target effects on BCEA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.