GuidelineArthritis care & research2018
Consensus Treatment Plans for Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis Refractory to Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs and/or With Active Spinal Lesions.
Guideline in Arthritis care & research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04725422 (CHronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis International Registry), which is not on this map. Cited by 96 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
CHronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis International Registry (CHOIR)
Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 224 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Diagnosis and treatment of chronic nonbacterial osteitis (CNO) and SAPHO syndrome : Implications of the current consensus recommendations of an international commission of experts for German rheumatology].Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2026Guideline
- Efficacy and Safety of Bisphosphonates in Chronic Non-bacterial Osteomyelitis of the Mandible: A Systematic Review.Calcified tissue international · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- HLA-B*27 is associated with CNO in a European cohort.Pediatric rheumatology online journal · 2023Pooled it
- Pamidronate for pain in adult chronic nonbacterial osteitis: protocol of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.JBMR plus · 2024Trial
- Clinico-Radiologic Spectrum and Outcomes of Chronic Non-Infectious Osteomyelitis: Experience from India.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- "Updates in chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis: emerging insights across the age spectrum".Current opinion in rheumatology · 2026Review
- How Organ Manifestations Beyond the Bone May Guide Risk Stratification and Treatment Decisions in Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis.Paediatric drugs · 2026Review
- Clinical characteristics and outcomes of paediatric chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis: a retrospective cohort study with focus on zoledronic acid.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis and inflammatory bowel disease in children: A French national cohort.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2026Article
- Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis in Latvia from 2014 to 2025: Case Series.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Image-Based Assessment of Anti-TNF Treatment Outcomes in Pediatric CRMO/CNO: A Single-Center Case Series.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis presenting as fever of unknown origin in a child: a diagnostic pitfall.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis: A Review of 80 Cases in Chinese Children.Journal of clinical rheumatology : practical reports on rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases · 2026Review
- Atypical and less-common imaging presentations of chronic nonbacterial osteitis in children: a pictorial review.Pediatric radiology · 2026Review
- Limb-Sparing Reconstruction for Chronic Non-Bacterial Osteomyelitis of the Toe in a Pediatric Athlete: A Case Report.Reports (MDPI) · 2026Article
- Ustekinumab as a novel treatment of chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis: a case report.AME case reports · 2026Article
- Effectiveness and safety of neridronate in chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis: insight from the CAMELOT registry.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2026Article
- Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis: a typical case and review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Beyond the Skin: Nail Clues to a Bone Disease.Cureus · 2025Article
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
31 authors at 20 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo develop standardized treatment regimens for chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO), also known as chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO), to enable comparative effectiveness treatment studies.
methodsVirtual and face-to-face discussions and meetings were held within the CNO/CRMO subgroup of the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA). A literature search was conducted, and CARRA membership was surveyed to evaluate available treatment data and identify current treatment practices. Nominal group technique was used to achieve consensus on treatment plans for CNO refractory to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) monotherapy and/or with active spinal lesions.
resultsThree consensus treatment plans (CTPs) were developed for the first 12 months of therapy for CNO patients refractory to NSAID monotherapy and/or with active spinal lesions. The 3 CTPs are methotrexate or sulfasalazine, tumor necrosis factor inhibitors with optional methotrexate, and bisphosphonates. Short courses of glucocorticoids and continuation of NSAIDs are permitted for all regimens. Consensus was achieved on these CTPs among CARRA members. Consensus was also reached on subject eligibility criteria, initial evaluations that should be conducted prior to the initiation of CTPs, and data items to collect to assess treatment response.
conclusionThree consensus treatment plans were developed for pediatric patients with CNO refractory to NSAIDs and/or with active spinal lesions. Use of these CTPs will provide additional information on efficacy and will generate meaningful data for comparative effectiveness research in CNO.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.