ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2018
Severe Influenza Is Characterized by Prolonged Immune Activation: Results From the SHIVERS Cohort Study.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sustained cellular immune dysregulation in individuals recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Trial
- Innate immune responsiveness predicts enhanced cellular immunity and symptomatic disease after controlled human influenza infection.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Role of IL-10 signaling in the circadian control of host response to influenza infection.Mucosal immunology · 2026Article
- Afebrile Presentation in COPD Patients with Influenza A: A Risk Factor for Prolonged Viral Shedding.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
- Article
- Dynamic monitoring of a core pro-inflammatory cytokine panel improves mortality prediction in severe influenza.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Multivariate Host-Pathogen Interactions Driving Heterogeneous Viral Shedding and CD8medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Seasonal Distribution of Viral Pneumonia After COVID-19 and the Role of Hematological Markers in Assessing Pneumonia Severity: A Case-Control Study.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Impact of neuroinflammation on brain glutamate and dopamine signalling in schizophrenia: an update.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- Influenza and Aging: Clinical Manifestations, Complications, and Treatment Approaches in Older Adults.Drugs & aging · 2025Review
- High-dimensional single-cell phenotyping unveils persistent differences in immune cell profiles between severe and moderate seasonal influenza.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Defining the balance between optimal immunity and immunopathology in influenza virus infection.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Article
- Sex-based differences in persistent lung inflammation following influenza infection of juvenile outbred mice.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2024Article
- Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Activation in Macrophages Contributes to Persistent Lung Inflammation following Respiratory Tract Viral Infection.The American journal of pathology · 2024Article
- Persistent CD19Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- MEK-inhibitor treatment reduces the induction of regulatory T cells in mice after influenza A virus infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Impaired VEGF-A-Mediated Neurovascular Crosstalk Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein: A Potential Hypothesis Explaining Long COVID-19 Symptoms and COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects?Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Cellular Heterogeneity and Molecular Reprogramming of the Host Response during Influenza Acute Lung Injury.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: The immunologic factors underlying severe influenza are poorly understood. To address this, we compared the immune responses of influenza-confirmed hospitalized individuals with severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) to those of nonhospitalized individuals with influenza-like illness (ILI). Methods: Peripheral blood lymphocytes were collected from 27 patients with ILI and 27 with SARI, at time of enrollment and then 2 weeks later. Innate and adaptive cellular immune responses were assessed by flow cytometry, and serum cytokine levels were assessed by a bead-based assay. Results: During the acute phase, SARI was associated with significantly reduced numbers of circulating myeloid dendritic cells, CD192+ monocytes, and influenza virus-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells as compared to ILI. By the convalescent phase, however, most SARI cases displayed continued immune activation characterized by increased numbers of CD16+ monocytes and proliferating, and influenza virus-specific, CD8+ T cells as compared to ILI cases. SARI was also associated with reduced amounts of cytokines that regulate T-cell responses (ie, interleukin 4, interleukin 13, interleukin 12, interleukin 10, and tumor necrosis factor β) and hematopoiesis (interleukin 3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) but increased amounts of a proinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor α), chemotactic cytokines (MDC, MCP-1, GRO, and fractalkine), and growth-promoting cytokines (PDGFBB/AA, VEGF, and EGF) as compared to ILI. Conclusions: Severe influenza cases showed a delay in the peripheral immune activation that likely led prolonged inflammation, compared with mild influenza cases.
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Registered trials
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