ArticleScientific reports2017
Natural history of Helicobacter pylori VacA toxin in human gastric epithelium in vivo: vacuoles and beyond.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunohistochemistry and molecular detection of Helicobacter pylori infection and their virulent genes in gastric biopsies.Scientific reports · 2026Article
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- Drug Design and Delivery for Intracellular Bacteria: Emerging Paradigms.Drug development research · 2025Review
- A study of the association betweenOncology letters · 2025Article
- A novel role for Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin-associated gene A in negative regulation of autophagy in human gastric cells.BMC gastroenterology · 2023Article
- Outer Membrane Vesicle Production byInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Review
- CagA Effector Protein inToxins · 2019Article
- VacA generates a protective intracellular reservoir for Helicobacter pylori that is eliminated by activation of the lysosomal calcium channel TRPML1.Nature microbiology · 2019Article
- Role of growth factors and cytokines in diabetic foot ulcer healing: A detailed review.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2019Review
- Intracellular Degradation of Helicobacter pylori VacA Toxin as a Determinant of Gastric Epithelial Cell Viability.Infection and immunity · 2019Article
- Proteasome-Rich PaCS as an Oncofetal UPS Structure Handling Cytosolic Polyubiquitinated Proteins. In Vivo Occurrence, in Vitro Induction, and Biological Role.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Uptake, intracellular trafficking and pathologic effects of VacA toxin from Helicobacter pylori have been widely investigated in vitro. However, no systematic analysis investigated VacA intracellular distribution and fate in H. pylori-infected human gastric epithelium in vivo, using ultrastructural immunocytochemistry that combines precise toxin localization with analysis of the overall cell ultrastructure and intercompartimental/interorganellar relationships. By immunogold procedure, in this study we investigated gastric biopsies taken from dyspeptic patients to characterize the overall toxin's journey inside human gastric epithelial cells in vivo. Endocytic pits were found to take up VacA at sites of bacterial adhesion, leading to a population of peripheral endosomes, which in deeper (juxtanuclear) cytoplasm enlarged and fused each other to form large VacA-containing vacuoles (VCVs). These directly opened into endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternae, which in turn enveloped mitochondria and contacted the Golgi apparatus. In all such organelles we found toxin molecules, often coupled with structural damage. These findings suggest direct toxin transfer from VCVs to other target organelles such as ER/Golgi and mitochondria. VacA-induced cytotoxic changes were associated with the appearance of auto(phago)lysosomes containing VacA, polyubiquitinated proteins, p62/SQSTM1 protein, cathepsin D, damaged mitochondria and bacterial remnants, thus leading to persistent cell accumulation of degradative products.
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