SynthesisScientific reports2017
Smoking induces DNA methylation changes in Multiple Sclerosis patients with exposure-response relationship.
Synthesis in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Smoking accelerates immunosenescence in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- From Demyelination to Intervention: Natural Compounds as Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Multiple Sclerosis Neuroinflammation.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- A DNA methylation-based algorithm for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2025Article
- Sex-Related Differences in Lifestyle Factors Affecting Multiple Sclerosis Susceptibility and Disease Progression.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Neuroprotective strategies in multiple sclerosis: a status update and emerging paradigms.Expert review of neurotherapeutics · 2025Review
- The lung-brain axis in multiple sclerosis: Mechanistic insights and future directions.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- DNA Methylation Signatures of Multiple Sclerosis Occur Independently of Known Genetic Risk and Are Primarily Attributed to B Cells and Monocytes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Exploring epigenetic drift and rare epivariations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by epigenome-wide association study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Article
- Risk Factors from Pregnancy to Adulthood in Multiple Sclerosis Outcome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Article
- The Role of Oxidative Stress in Epigenetic Changes Underlying Autoimmunity.Antioxidants & redox signaling · 2022Review
- Autoreactive lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis: Pathogenesis and treatment target.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Integration of small RNAs from plasma and cerebrospinal fluid for classification of multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- DRB1-environment interactions in multiple sclerosis etiology: results from two Swedish case-control studies.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2021Article
- Methylome and transcriptome signature of bronchoalveolar cells from multiple sclerosis patients in relation to smoking.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2021Article
- Article
- Mining the Selective Remodeling of DNA Methylation in Promoter Regions to Identify Robust Gene-Level Associations With Phenotype.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Article
- Review
- Differential DNA methylation correlates with response to methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2020Observational
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is an established environmental risk factor for Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease, although a mechanistic basis remains largely unknown. We aimed at investigating how smoking affects blood DNA methylation in MS patients, by assaying genome-wide DNA methylation and comparing smokers, former smokers and never smokers in two Swedish cohorts, differing for known MS risk factors. Smoking affects DNA methylation genome-wide significantly, an exposure-response relationship exists and the time since smoking cessation affects methylation levels. The results also show that the changes were larger in the cohort bearing the major genetic risk factors for MS (female sex and HLA risk haplotypes). Furthermore, CpG sites mapping to genes with known genetic or functional role in the disease are differentially methylated by smoking. Modeling of the methylation levels for a CpG site in the AHRR gene indicates that MS modifies the effect of smoking on methylation changes, by significantly interacting with the effect of smoking load. Alongside, we report that the gene expression of AHRR increased in MS patients after smoking. Our results suggest that epigenetic modifications may reveal the link between a modifiable risk factor and the pathogenetic mechanisms.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.