Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29106811›Full record

ArticleSports health

Epidemiology and Impact on Performance of Lower Extremity Stress Injuries in Professional Basketball Players.

Moin Khan, Kim Madden, M Tyrrell Burrus, Joseph P Rogowski, Jeff Stotts, Marisa J Samani, Robby Sikka, Asheesh Bedi

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sports health. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.0field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Navicular and fifth metatarsal base stress fractures: An illustrated anatomical review.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Adductor-Related Athletic Groin Pain: A Clinical Commentary.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2026
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Bone stress injuries.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2022
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Moin Khan
Kim Madden
M Tyrrell Burrus
Joseph P Rogowski
Jeff Stotts
Marisa J Samani
Robby Sikka
Asheesh Bedi
McMaster University · CAMayo Clinic in Arizona · USNational Wheelchair Basketball Association · USSaint Vincent Health System · USUniversity of Michigan–Ann Arbor · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundProfessional basketball players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) subject their lower extremities to significant repetitive loading during both regular-season and off-season training. Little is known about the incidence of lower extremity bony stress injuries and their impact on return to play and performance in these athletes. HYPOTHESIS: Stress injuries of the lower extremity will have significant impact on performance. STUDY

designCase series. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 4.

methodsAll bony stress injuries from 2005 to 2015 were identified from the NBA. Number of games missed due to injury and performance statistics were collected from 2 years prior to injury to 2 years after the injury. A linear regression analysis was performed to determine the impact of injury for players who returned to sport.

resultsA total of 76 lower extremity bony stress injuries involving 75 NBA players (mean age, 25.4 ± 4.1 years) were identified. Fifty-five percent (42/76) involved the foot, and most injuries occurred during the regular season (82.9%, 63/76), with half occurring within the first 6 weeks. Among players who sustained a fifth metatarsal stress fracture, 42.9% were unable to return to professional play. Players who sustained stress injuries had reduced play performance, specifically related to number of games played ( P = 0.014) and number of steals per game ( P = 0.004). Players who had surgery had significantly better performance at 2 years than those who were managed nonoperatively, independent of the type of injury (β = 4.561; 95% CI, 1.255-7.868).

conclusionLower extremity bony stress injuries may significantly affect both short- and long-term player performance and career length. Stress injuries result in decreased player performance, and surgical intervention results in improved performance metrics compared with those treated using conservative methods. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Stress injuries result in decreased player performance, and surgical intervention results in improved performance metrics.

Indexed as

AdultAthletic PerformanceBasketballCumulative Trauma DisordersFractures, StressHumansIncidenceLower ExtremityMetatarsal BonesRegression AnalysisReturn to SportRisk Factorsanklebasketballfootfractureslower extremitymetatarsalNational Basketball Associationreturn to playstress fractures

Identifiers

PMID29106811
PMCPMC5857731
OpenAlexW2767455780

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.